Abstract
This paper presents the possible use for IR spectroscopy to reveal skid marks left by cars equipped with Anti-lock Braking System. Detailed analysis of literature showed that there is no method that can be used in order to investigate this kind of tire marks. Up till now only two techniques have been devised. The first one is Method of Image Refinement which consists of transforming the image from the scene of the accident using dedicated graphics software. Second method includes analysis of traces using a thermal imaging camera. This study presents an innovative approach to the problem. Numerous analyses using IR spectroscopy were conducted to check the suitability of this method. The research performed on a Thermo Scientific FTIR Nicolet iS50 Spectrophotometer with an ATR attachment. 40 samples from 10 different types of asphalt were prepared. Each sample was measured 3 times to create its spectrum. The results were analyzed thoroughly using the dedicated SpectraGryph software. Analysis show that the wavelength which makes the braking marks visible is found within the mid-infrared range. Finally, it was found wavelength in which skid marks should be visible. This range is located in the mid-infrared.
Highlights
Analysis of a road accident begins from collection of traces
Its visibility depends on external conditions and it may not always be visible. Collecting this type of evidences proves troublesome for forensic technicians working on the scene of a road accident
In this study IR spectroscopy was used as a method of identifying substances [3,19]
Summary
Analysis of a road accident begins from collection of traces. Traces are factors that change an environment as a result of a collision or road accident [14,20]. Collected traces [2] can be a valuable source of information for authorities and services involved in the investigation. It enables numerous analyses and in result, the reconstruction of a car accident [1]. In traditional braking systems without ABS, a significant amount of heat is released when the wheel adhesion limit is exceeded and the tire is abraded [8,10] The products of this process are visible on the roads as dark traces and are called the emergency braking marks [4,5]. In newer vehicles equipped with anti-lock braking systems, wheels are constantly in motion during the braking process [15] It results in a trace which is fainted, as compared to marks left by a non-ABS vehicle [17]. The length of the wave for which the difference was most emphasized may form the basis for further analysis and the gate to solve the problem
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