Abstract
Hemp, flax and canola seed cakes are byproducts of the plant oil extraction industry that have not received much attention in terms of their potential use for human food instead of animal feed. Thus, the bioactivity profiling of these oilseed cakes is of interest. For their effect-directed analysis, planar chromatography was combined with several (bio)assays, namely 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging, acetylcholine esterase inhibition, planar yeast estrogen screen, antimicrobial Bacillus subtilis and Aliivibrio fischeri assays. The streamlined high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-bioassay method allowed the discovery of previously unknown bioactive compounds present in these oilseed cake extracts. In contrast to target analysis, the direct link to the effective compounds allowed comprehensive information with regard to selected effects. HPTLC-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry via the elution-head based TLC-MS Interface was used for a first characterization of the unknown effective compounds. The demonstrated bioactivity profiling on the feed/food intake side may guide the isolation of active compounds for production of functional food or for justified motivation of functional feed/food supplements.
Highlights
Oilseed cakes refer to the byproducts after the oil extraction from the oilseed
As TLC/high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) literature for analysis of flax, hemp and canola seed cakes was not existent, a mobile phase composed of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and acetic acid was tested first, which was previously used for analysis of polyphenols in propolis (Table 1, #1 [25])
The conclusion was drawn that polyphenols of a much higher polarity were present in the hemp seed cake extract that required a higher polarity and elution power of the mobile phase if compared to polyphenols of propolis
Summary
Oilseed cakes refer to the byproducts after the oil extraction from the oilseed. The global demand of oilseeds is increasing every year as the world production of oilseed cakes increased 2.3% of average every year over the last decade to 2010. According to FAO, the global production of oilseed cakes was 118 million tons in 2010/2011 and it is expected to increase to 120 million tons in 2012/2013 [1,2,3,4]. The oilseed cakes are usually further processed into animal feed by oil mill factories due to their high protein and energy contents, as well as their economic value. Employment of hempseed cake into fish feed improved the texture of fish fillet and the growth rate of fish compared with soybean meal and soybean isolate [6]
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