Abstract
Alpinia oxyphylla (A. oxyphylla) fruit has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. In our study, the bioactive components of its roots, fruit, and leaves were investigated, and their potential medical value was predicted. The root, fruit, and leaf samples were analyzed using a UPLC-MS/MS system. The mass spectrometry outcomes were annotated by MULTIAQUANT. The “compound-disease targets” were used to construct a pharmacology network. A total of 293, 277, and 251 components were identified in the roots, fruit, and leaves, respectively. The fruit of A. oxyphylla had a higher abundance of flavonols. The roots of A. oxyphylla were enriched in flavonols and phenolic acids. The leaves of A. oxyphylla exhibited high contents of flavonols, phenolic acids, and tannins. Furthermore, network pharmacology analysis showed that flavonoids are the most important effectors in the fruit of A. oxyphylla and phenolic acids are the most important effectors in the roots and leaves. Moreover, the results suggested that the tissues of A. oxyphylla might play a role in the regulation of disease-related genes. The whole plant of A. oxyphylla is rich in natural drug components, and each tissue has high medicinal value. Therefore, comprehensive utilization of A. oxyphylla can greatly improve its economic value.
Highlights
Alpinia oxyphylla (A. oxyphylla) is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). e dried, ripe fruit of A. oxyphylla has long been used for treating diarrhea, enuresis, dementia, and other disorders [1]
111 flavonoids accounted for 47.40% of the total abundance, 97 phenolic acids accounted for 17.51%, and 15 terpenoids accounted for 13.70% (Figures 1(b) and 1(c))
116 metabolites predominantly accumulated in the roots, 120 metabolites were present at relatively high abundance in the fruits, and 76 metabolites were more highly distributed in the leaves (Figure 1(d)). erefore, the characteristics of metabolites in the fruit, roots, and leaves of A. oxyphylla were significantly different
Summary
Alpinia oxyphylla (A. oxyphylla) is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). e dried, ripe fruit of A. oxyphylla has long been used for treating diarrhea, enuresis, dementia, and other disorders [1]. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that A. oxyphylla extracts have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities [2, 3]. A. oxyphylla has been used for the treatment of diabetes [3] and Alzheimer’s disease [4]. Numerous chemical constituents, including flavonoids, diarylheptanoids, sesquiterpenes, sterols, and their glycosides, have been isolated from A. oxyphylla [1]. E main flavonoids were chrysin, tectochrysin, izalpinin, and kaempferol [5,6,7]. Yakuchinone A, yakuchinone B, oxyphyllacinol, and neonootkatol were the main diarylheptanoids [6]. E sesquiterpene constituents, including oxyphyllol A–C, nootkatone, and isocyperol, were extracted by aqueous 80% acetone [8]. E norsesquiterpenes, including oxyphyllenodiol A, oxyphyllenodiol B, oxyphyllenone A, oxyphyllenone B, oxyphyllone E, and oxyphyllone F, have been previously reported [9]. Several steroids have been isolated, such as β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and β-daucosterol [10]
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