Abstract
Bifenthrin is an insecticide which is used to control insects, mites, and ticks. It poses a solemn en-vironmental threat and health risk to living organisms. It may be bioaccumulated or biomagnified at different trophic levels in the food chain by biota. Microbes are hidden creature of earth’s biodiversity. For isolation of bifenthrin degrading bacteria, rhizospheric soil samples of plants like Pisum sativum, Triticun aestvum, Chenopodium album were taken from tannery solid waste, Kasur, Pakistan. Enrichment culture techniques were used for the isolation of bacterial strains that showed luxurious growth on minimal growth media with bifenthrin dose was selected for biodegradation study. Bacteria were further screened out based on their morphological, biochemical parameters and degradation efficiency. Furthermore the effect of different growth factors like temperature, pH, inoculum concencentration, minimal inhibitory concentration of heavy metals and antibiotics were also studied. Bacterial strains of Xanthomonas and Bacillus sp. were identified as efficient degrading microbes. Maximum bifenthrin utilization were observed at 25°C (pH 7), with 500 μL inoculum of Bacillus sp., while Xanthomonas sp. gave optimm utilization at 30°C (pH 7) at the same inoculum volume of bacteria. The Rf values of Bacillus sp. and Xanthomonas sp. were 0.91 and 0.90 respectively, which indicated their potential to metabolize bifenthrin into nontoxic forms. These strains can be used to clean up the sites polluted with pesticides and tannery wastes when present in rhizosphere of plants.
Highlights
Pesticide applications have become an essential component of modern age agriculture
Two isolates B-B1 Bacillus sp. and B-B2 Xanthomonas sp. that were able to grow with bifenthrin as sole source of carbon were identified (Figure 1 and Figure 2) (Table 1 and Table 2)
Bacteria have the potential to eliminate the hazardous compounds such as bifenthrin that is discharged by the human activities by breaking them into less persistent metabolites in soil [19]
Summary
Pesticide applications have become an essential component of modern age agriculture. Their use for the protection of crops from the pests, insects, mites and ticks is increasing steadily [1] [2]. Bifenthrin (2-methyl-1, 1-biphenyl-3-y1)-methyl-3-(2-chloro-3, 3, 3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2, 2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylate) is the natural pyrethrin [5], which is sold in Pakistan under the trade name of Talstar, Resham, Jatara and Biflex It is used on cereals, cotton, corn, alfalfa, ornamentals, and vegetables and on some fruits against insects and mites. The uncontrolled and excessive use of pesticides creates environmental pollution by contaminating soil and groundwater [6] [7]. Microbes such as bacteria are the hidden creature of earth’s biodiversity and microbial community of soil is physiologically versatile in metabolizing and mineralizing a wide variety of organic pollutants [8]. After degradation study by thin layer chromatography (TLC) [13] and bacterial growth curve analysis through optical density (O.D), it is concluded that these strains have potential to use as a biological tool for bioremediation of polluted environment
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