Abstract
Using GNSS observable from some stations in the Asia-Pacific area, the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) and multipath combinations of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), as well as their variations with time and/or elevation were investigated and compared with those of GPS and Galileo. Provided the same elevation, the CNR of B1 observables is the lowest among the three BDS frequencies, while B3 is the highest. The code multipath combinations of BDS inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites are remarkably correlated with elevation, and the systematic “V” shape trends could be eliminated through between-station-differencing or modeling correction. Daily periodicity was found in the geometry-free ionosphere-free (GFIF) combinations of both BDS geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) and IGSO satellites. The variation range of carrier phase GFIF combinations of GEO satellites is −2.0 to 2.0 cm. The periodicity of carrier phase GFIF combination could be significantly mitigated through between-station differencing. Carrier phase GFIF combinations of BDS GEO and IGSO satellites might also contain delays related to satellites. Cross-correlation suggests that the GFIF combinations’ time series of some GEO satellites might vary according to their relative geometries with the sun.
Highlights
The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, earlier referred to as COMPASS) has been providing position, navigation, and timing (PNT) services since 27 December 2012, covering the whole Asia-Pacific region
Our analysis finds that multipath combination of BDS observables contains real multipath effects and some other multipath-like biases
When it comes to BDS geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites, the multipath time series show daily remarkable elevation-dependent bias, which is not seen in those of Global Positioning System (GPS), GLONASS, or Galileo satellites
Summary
The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, earlier referred to as COMPASS) has been providing position, navigation, and timing (PNT) services since 27 December 2012, covering the whole Asia-Pacific region. With triple-frequency observables available, characteristics of combined measurements [4] and ambiguity resolution with triple-frequency carrier phase [5,6,7] were investigated. It was shown that multipath combinations of BDS observables display systematic variations with elevations, which is significantly different from that of GPS, GLONASS, or Galileo [10,11]. This multipath variation should be taken into account since it affects the convergence and reliability of ambiguity resolution of BDS data. To further examine the elevation-dependent bias in the multipath of BDS IGSO and MEO satellites, single-differencing between two stations is conducted.
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