Analysis of Beam Forming Antenna using Soft-Computing Techniques

Abstract

Antenna Beam forming is a technology or a technique that is finding increasing use in systems of cellular telecommunication, especially 5G, as well as many other wireless systems. Beam forming refers to the formation of a beam of energy from a set of phased arrays. With the use of phased arrays, it is possible to control the direction and shape of the beam from multiple antennas, based on the spacing between antennas and the phase of signal from each antenna element in the array. Beam forming focuses a wireless signal towards a specific receiving device, rather than having the signal spread in all directions from the broadcast antenna. By focusing signal in specific direction, the beam forming technique allows delivery of higher signal quality to the receiver, which would result in faster information transfer with fewer errors and without the need to boost the broadcast power. Beam forming technique is also used to reduce the interference of signals. Beam forming is majorly involved with computing resources which requires high time and power resources. Parameters that would be analyzed during this project are Half Power Beam width (HPBW), First Null Beam width (FNBW), Gain, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, Front to Back Power Ratio, Side Lobe Levels.