Abstract
To investigate the components of the aqueous humor (AH) in patients with retinoblastoma (RB). We collected 0.1 ml AH of 35 children with RB and 20 patients with congenital cataracts as controls. Multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and Luminex xMAP technology were used to assess 45 cytokines/chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and acute-phase proteins in the identification cohort. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IFN-γ, PIGF-1, VEGF-A, β-NGF, HGF, EGF and FGF-2 were significantly higher in the AH of patients with RB than those in the control group (P<0.05). The study showed that the higher levels of IP-10, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IFN-γ, PIGF-1, VEGF-A, β-NGF, HGF, EGF and FGF-2 in AH may be associated with RB. Our findings may facilitate a better understanding of the molecular pathways of tumors and solid molecular targets for new strategies for therapy and the earlier diagnosis of RB.
Highlights
With an incidence of 7,000–8,000 new cases per year worldwide, retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in children [1]
80% of cases of retinoblastoma are diagnosed before 3 years of age, while only extremely rare cases of retinoblastoma are confirmed after 6 years old [2]
Aqueous humor concentrations of cytokines in retinoblastoma led to a dramatic improvement in individual prognosis, RB is still life-threatening when left untreated or in cases of late diagnosis
Summary
With an incidence of 7,000–8,000 new cases per year worldwide, retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in children [1]. 80% of cases of retinoblastoma are diagnosed before 3 years of age, while only extremely rare cases of retinoblastoma are confirmed after 6 years old [2]. Leukocoria is the major presentation in children with RB [3]. Funduscopy, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology help ophthalmologists to make a diagnosis of RB [2,4]. Modern technology and early diagnosis has led to a favorable improvement in prognosis, RB is still life-threatening in cases of late diagnosis. Earlier diagnoses are essential for curing RB
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
