Abstract
In this analysis, the risk systems include the systems within which services sensitive to risk are executed. The complex service of population supply with safe drinking water is considered to be risky. Guidelines for drinking water quality of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of effective preventive approaches to risk-based management of the safety and quality of drinking water. For example, Food Safety Law of the Republic of Serbia stipulates mandatory application of HACCP system in order to obtain safe drinking water. Different approaches to preventive risk-based management for the sake of the safety and quality of drinking water are applied nowadays. In this paper we consider the following approaches: Original Codex Alimentarius HACCP system and some of its modified versions; International standard ISO 22000: 2005 Food safety management systems - Requirements for any organization in the food chain; Water Safety Plan (WSP) of the World Health Organization (WHO); Generalized HACCP system. All of these approaches are based, to a greater or lesser extent, on the original Codex Alimentarius HACCP system. The paper gives a situation analysis (SWOT analysis) of considered approaches.
Highlights
the risk systems include the systems within which services
i bezbednu vodu za piće i upravljanje otpadnim vodama
All of these approaches are based, to a greater or lesser extent, on the original Codex Alimentarius HACCP system
Summary
HACCP sistem, koji je baziran na nauci i ima sistemski pristup, sastoji se prema 10 od sledećih sedam principa: princip 1 – Sprovođenje analize opasnosti; princip 2 – Određivanje kritičnih kontrolnih tačaka (CCP); princip 3 – Određivanje kritične granice, odnosno granica; princip 4 – Uspostavljanje sistema prećenja (nadzora) CCP; princip 5 – Uspostavljanje korektivnih mera koje treba da se preduzmu ukoliko prećenje (nadzor) ukaže da određena CCP nije pod kontrolom; princip 6 –Uspostavljanje procedure za verifikaciju koja će da potvrdi da HACCP sistem radi uspešno; princip 7 – Uspostavljanje dokumentacione podloge koja obuhvata sve procedure i zapise koji odgovaraju pomenutim principima i njihovoj primeni. Preduslovni program u slučaju Codex Alimentarius HACCP sistema je dobra higijenska praksa (Good Hygiene Practice – GHP). Što se tiče primene HACCP sistema u sektoru voda, u svetu većina VO primenjuje originalni Codex Alimentarius HACCP sistem ili neku varijantu modifikovanog HACCP sistema. Modifikacije se ogledaju u tome što se pored zahteva originalnog HACCP sistema realizuju i određeni zahtevi međunarodnih menadžment standarda, uglavnom: ISO 9000 – Menadžment kvalitetom (Quality management), ISO 14000 – Menadžment životnom sredinom (Environmental management), ISO 22000 – Menadžment bezbednošću hrane (Food safety management). HACCP sistem primenjuju i proizvođači flaširanih voda 12. Upečatljiv primer su izvanredne Australijske smernice za vodu za piće: Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 6 13. Okosnica ovih smernica je pristup preventivnog upravljanja rizikom, koji uključuje elemente HACCP, ISO 9001 i AS/NZS 4360:2004 (Australian/New Zealand Standard: RISK MANAGEMENT)
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