Abstract
The aim of the study was to measure the frequency of such emotional disturbances as anxiety, depression and aggression among patients treated in a pain clinic, as well as assess the factors contributing to such disorders. Research was conducted from January 2014 to April 2018 and involved patients treated in two pain clinics in the city of Warsaw, Poland. The study used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—Modified Version (HADS-M) and the Numerical Rating Scale (NSR). 1025 patients were recruited. The main reasons for their attending the pain clinic were osteoarticular pain (43.61%) and neuropathic pain (41.56%). Emotional disturbances in the form of anxiety were diagnosed in 32.39% of all the patients, depression in 17.85%, and aggression in 46.15%. The factors determining the level of anxiety in the study group were: sex, age, pain intensity and the lack of pharmacological treatment. Depression was determined by sex, pain intensity and the time of treatment in the clinic, while aggression by age and pain intensity.
Highlights
Pain can be either nociceptive or non-nociceptive, usually neuropathic, acute or chronic
This is why the authors of the present paper made an attempt to specify the frequency of emotional disturbances in the form of anxiety, depression and aggression among pain clinic patients and the factors that have an impact on these disorders
Our own research seems to have justified analyzing emotional reactions and the factors influencing their intensity, that the study was conducted in pain clinics, which seem the best place for assessing biological, psychological and social factors among patients suffering from pain
Summary
Pain can be either nociceptive or non-nociceptive, usually neuropathic, acute or chronic It is mostly defined and perceived as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage [1]. For each individual it is a unique sensory experience, characterized by location, duration and type and depending on the personal experiences of each person. This is why pain is one of the main reasons why patients report at healthcare facilities. In the long term, experiencing pain can contribute to the occurrence of emotional problems, or mood alterations in the form of anxiety or depression, resulting in a significant limitation of the person’s functioning in social life. [4,7,8]
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