Analysis of Anti-Cancer Effects in Grapefruit-based Drug Development: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Abstract: Cancer remains a significant global health concern, and natural compounds found in fruits and vegetables have shown potential anti-cancer effects. Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) has gained attention due to its rich phytochemical composition and biological activities, including anti-cancer properties. This narrative review analyzes the literature on grapefruit-based drug development and its potential as an adjunctive or alternative therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Grapefruit-derived compounds have been extensively studied for their anti-cancer effects, with preclinical studies showing promising outcomes in inhibiting cancer cell growth and proliferation. Compounds made from grapefruit also have anti-cancer effects. They do this in a number of ways, such as by affecting the cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, and key signalling pathways. Petrified grapefruit compounds have potential synergistic effects with conventional chemotherapy drugs, enhancing cytotoxic effects while reducing adverse side effects. They have shown promising results in overcoming drug resistance, a major obstacle in cancer treatment. However, challenges such as bioavailability, drug interactions, and variability in compound composition remain. Overall, grapefruit-derived compounds possess significant anti-cancer properties and warrant further investigation for clinical application.