﻿Analysis of amino acids content in the plant components of the antidiabetic herbal mixture by GC-MS

Alona Savych,Alexandra Davidenko,Liudmila Mosula,Ihor Humeniuk,Oksana Bilyk,Svitlana Marchyshyn

doi:10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77251

Abstract

Medicinal plants and their combinations due to the wide range of biologically active substances can influence on various links of the pathogenetic mechanism of development of DM type 2 and its complications. One of such combinations is an antidiabetic herbal mixture (Urticae folia, Rosae fructus, Myrtilli folia, Menthae folia and Taraxaci radices) with established hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, pancreatoprotective activity in previous pharmacological studies in vivo and in vitro and defined phytochemical composition. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify and establish the content of amino acids in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture. The amino acids were separated by GC-MS method with pre-column derivatization. The calibration curves of twenty CRS of amino acids were linear (R2 &gt; 0.98) over the range of 1–100 µg/mL, the LODs and the LOQs were in the range of 0.01–0.07 µg/mL and 0.02–0.20 µg/mL, respectively. The results of analysis showed that the predominant essential amino acid was L-proline in Taraxaci radices, Urticae folia, Rosae fructus and Menthae folia, its total content was 101.46 mg/g, 25.31 mg/g, 23.04 mg/g and 19.30 mg/g, respectively. In addition, it was established total content of essential amino acid – L-leucine that can stimulate insulin secretion in β-cells of the pancreas. Its total content was 58.51 mg/g in Taraxaci radices, 9.58 mg/g in Myrtilli folia, 4.68 mg/g in Rosae fructus, 2.99 mg/g in Urticae folia and 0.79 mg/g in Menthae folia. Chromatographic examination also revealed L-phenylalanine, an essential amino acid important for antidiabetic therapy that can increase insulin secretion, stimulate proliferation and neogenesis of β-cells of the pancreas and reduce insulin resistance. Its total content was 13.42 mg/g in Myrtilli folia, 2.23 mg/g in Rosae fructus, 1.478 mg/g in Urticae folia, 1.46 mg/g in Taraxaci radices and 0.52 mg/g in Menthae folia. This phytochemical study shows, which plant material forms the amino acid composition and content in the finished herbal mixture and due to which biologically active substances the antidiabetic activity of this phytocomposition is manifested.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global social problem in the field of health care, due to rapid spread of this disease and the development of serious complications such as microand macroangiopathies, which significantly reduce the quality and life expectancy of patients (Harding et al 2019; American Diabetes Association 2020)
The results showed that the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of amino acids were in the range of 0.01–0.07 μg/mL and 0.02–0.20 μg/mL, respectively, indicating that the sensitivity of the method was satisfactory (Table 2.)
The results show that all plant components, such as Urticae folia, Rosae fructus Myrtilli folia, Menthae folia and Taraxaci radices, of the antidiabetic herbal mixture have a high content of amino acids, which provide numerous pharmacological properties of this phytomixture

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global social problem in the field of health care, due to rapid spread of this disease and the development of serious complications such as microand macroangiopathies, which significantly reduce the quality and life expectancy of patients (Harding et al 2019; American Diabetes Association 2020). The optimization of pharmacotherapy, searching and study of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of DM and its dangerous complications is a top issue of pharmacy and medicine One of these areas is phytotherapy, as it has several advantages over traditional therapy, namely, it is low-toxic, has a mild pharmacological effect and possibility to be used for long periods of time without significant side effects, is well combined with synthetic drugs, has a complex activity through several biologically active compounds (Gothai et al 2016; Governa et al 2018; Budniak et al 2021a, b, c, d; Feshchenko et al 2021; Savych and Polonets 2021; Stechyshyn et al 2021). Plant mixtures are expected to have several biologically active substances with a wide range of pharmacological actions and a variety of mechanisms for influencing the development of DM and its angiopathies (Kooti et al 2016; Savych and Marchyshyn 2021a, 2021b; Savych et al 2021g)

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