Abstract
Henan is China’s most populous agricultural province. Wheat, cotton, oil crops, and other farming and animal husbandry industries rank first in China in terms of output value. The agricultural sector has grown significantly, and rural populations’ living standards have greatly improved. The effects of rural urbanization can be seen all over the place. However, the rural economy’s rapid growth has resulted in a slew of environmental contamination issues. Chemical fertilizer emissions of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) have been decreasing for a long time in Henan Province, whereas total phosphorus (TP) emissions are increasing. The usage load of pesticides went high in Zhoukou, Nanyang, Shangqiu, Xinyang, Xinxiang, and Zhumadian. The application of agricultural film was relatively common in Nanyang, Zhoukou, Anyang, Xinyang, Zhumadian, Kaifeng, and Shangqiu. Wheat, corn, and oil-bearing crop stalks are the main sources of crop solid waste in Henan Province, and the solid waste generated by these three crops accounted for 93.96% of the province’s total amount. In Zhumadian, Zhoukou, Nanyang, and Shangqiu, there was a lot of crop stalk trash.
Highlights
Henan Province is a major agricultural province and a major food province in China (Zhang & Shou 2021)
To estimate the agricultural non-point source pollution loads in Henan Province, the agricultural input and output database was established; the database includes the prefecture-level city of Henan Province annual data of the pure consumption of nitrogen, phosphate, and compound fertilizers; the application of pesticide; and the consumption of agricultural film from 2010 to 2019
Consumption of chemical fertilizers: Fertilization in fields releases large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds into soil and water, causing soil and water pollution (Xue et al 2020)
Summary
Henan Province is a major agricultural province and a major food province in China (Zhang & Shou 2021). The rural economy of Henan has developed rapidly. The rural economy’s rapid growth has resulted in a slew of environmental contamination issues (Zhang et al 2020, Zhou et al 2020), which are mainly manifested in the pollution caused by the large-scale use of pesticides and fertilizers (Zheng et al 2020, Liu et al 2017, Gu et al 2015) and the improper use of crop straws and other solid wastes in agricultural production (Li et al 2016, Qiu et al 2016, Zhang et al 2016). The key concerns of agricultural non-point source pollution in rural areas of Henan Province are analyzed and studied based on the third agricultural census data and the statistical yearbook of Henan Province over the years. The findings of the study have significant practical implications for the long-term development of rural areas in emerging countries
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