Abstract
Birds in nature adjust the shape of their wings in time according to the change in wind resistance to achieve the purpose of increasing lift and reducing drag, thereby achieving higher flight efficiency. Aiming at the aerodynamic change caused by the flexible deformation of the flapping wing, an analysis model of the flexible wing is established. The two-way fluid–solid coupling method is used to construct the control equations in an arbitrary Lagrange–Euler coordinate system and analyze the overall aerodynamic changes in the flapping process of the flexible flapping wing and the deformation of the wing surface and skeleton. The simulation results show the following: The larger lift force and forward thrust can be obtained from the flapping of the flexible wing, but the larger flexible deformation will lead to the increase in resistance, which leads to the decline of the overall aerodynamic efficiency. Therefore, the flexible wing structure should be designed to ensure that the wing has a certain degree of flexibility and improve the stiffness of the wing.
Highlights
There have been many studies on the flexible deformation of flapping wings in flight, but most of these studies are carried out based on the active flexible deformation of the wings.1,2 The aerodynamic model of the active flexible deformation of the wings is established, and the influence of the deformed wings on the aerodynamic characteristics in the movement process is analyzed
Since the structure of bird wings is mainly composed of the skeleton and feathers, the wing skeleton and the flexible wing surface are divided into two parts in the three-dimensional flexible wing scitation.org/journal/adv analysis model
The leading edge of the wing is made of a carbon fiber with high strength, the wing surface is made of a light film material, and the thin carbon fiber rods are arranged on the wing surface to support the wing surface without excessive deformation
Summary
There have been many studies on the flexible deformation of flapping wings in flight, but most of these studies are carried out based on the active flexible deformation of the wings. The aerodynamic model of the active flexible deformation of the wings is established, and the influence of the deformed wings on the aerodynamic characteristics in the movement process is analyzed. Yu5 calculated the aerodynamic force of the membrane wing surface by the numerical method and analyzed the influence of the flexible deformation of the wing surface on the lift and thrust. Taylor et al. studied the change in lift and thrust caused by the chord deformation of the wing and found that only the proper flexibility of the wing can improve its aerodynamic performance. Chung used numerical simulation to study the variation of the flow field of different flapping parameters, and the analysis results showed that the thrust and aerodynamic efficiency generated by wing flapping varied with the change in phase angle. Considering the structural deformation in the wing movement and the influence of the wing deformation on the acting flow field, the two-way step-by-step solution method is adopted for analysis.
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