Analysis of acoustic emission in chatter vibration with tool wear effect in turning

Abstract

The progressive wear of cutting tools and occurrence of chatter vibration often pose limiting factors on the achievable productivity in machining processes. An effective in-process monitoring system for tool wear and chatter therefore offers the unique advantage of relaxing the process parameter constraints and optimizing the machining production rate. This research presents a dynamic model of the cutting RMS acoustic emission (AE) signal when chatter occurs in turning, and it determines how this motion is related to the RMS AE signal in the presence of tool flank wear. The tool wear effect on acoustic emission generated in turning is expressed as an explicit function of the cutting parameters and tool/workpiece geometry. The AE generated from the sliding contact on the flank wear flat during chatter is investigated based on the energy dissipation principle. This model offers an explanation of the phenomenon of chatter vibration in the neighborhood of the chatter frequency of the tool. It also sheds light on the variation of the RMS AE signal power in close correlation to the characteristic of the state of wear. Cutting tests were conducted to determine the amplitude relationship between RMS AE and cutting parameters. It is shown that RMS AE is quite sensitive to the dynamic incremental changes in the friction and the wear flat mechanism active in machining processes.