Abstract
The safety of power batteries has received more and more attention in promoting electric vehicles. The external short circuit is particularly prominent as an abnormal and harmful event of a battery, and the exploration of in-situ low-cost detection technology for such an event is the starting point of this paper. By building an experimental bench that could detect the external short circuit of the battery and obtain the acoustic, electrode, and temperature responses, the resulting acoustic analysis would establish an internal connection with the electrode and temperature measurement when the external short circuit occurs. The respective acoustic response characteristics of different initial battery states of charge were analyzed by selecting appropriate acoustic characteristic parameters in the time and frequency domains. The acoustic measurement could represent the battery abnormality synchronously like the electrode measurement, and the results of the damage and rearrangement of the internal of the battery are easy to characterize through a moderate amplification of the acoustic response. The different initial state of charge (SOC) state reflects noticeable differences in the acoustic characteristics. Therefore, it is considered that the acoustic emission technology might have potential battery condition assessment capabilities and be a tool for in-situ battery fault diagnosis.
Highlights
With the vigorous development of lithium battery chemistry technology, pure electric vehicles (PEVs) have gradually begun to replace fuel vehicles
The experimental study of lithium-ion battery failure is primarily destructive testing, which means that the battery is damaged or severely affected in its operational behavior and safety; it is crucial for the study of the mechanical and electrochemical relationships of the battery, but it rarely applies to troubleshooting
From an acoustic point of view, the microstructure of the battery must be accompanied by relatively drastic changes in the short-circuit process of high current discharge, which is reflected in the transformation of the microstructure of the cathode and anode materials, breakdown of the separator accompanied by continuous heat release of the battery, temperature rise, and other behaviors
Summary
With the vigorous development of lithium battery chemistry technology, pure electric vehicles (PEVs) have gradually begun to replace fuel vehicles. Lithium batteries are widely used in electric vehicles due to a good balance of many aspects, such as cost, capacity, safety, and other excellent characteristics. From the perspective of vehicle battery driving range and power requirements, the demand for the number of lithium-ion batteries is increasing, and the performance of these batteries, such as fast charge and discharge capabilities and safety issues [3–5], are constantly improving. To meet the needs of the market, enhance the performance and safety of batteries, and shorten the development cycle of new battery systems, it is necessary to carry out failure analysis and fault diagnosis of lithium batteries in the course of battery operation. The diagnostic techniques for Li-ion batteries are increasingly emphasizing a balance of economy and reliability due to their need to target larger battery sizes and the cost of batteries deployed in increasingly expensive applications, including electric vehicles
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