Abstract
ABSTRACT The mixing of dust and haze is an important factor in the variation of fine particles. In this study, multiple observation data were used to analyze the characteristics and formation of a haze-fog-dust event that occurred in North China between November 23 and November 30 of 2018. This episode can be roughly divided into two stages, haze-fog and dust, with the transition occurring on November 27. Our analysis shows that stable weather conditions and temperature inversions in North China caused the haze-fog event (November 23–26), during which the PM2.5 concentration gradually increased. After November 27, the arrival of cold air accompanied by dust activity rendered meteorological conditions favorable to air quality in the northern part but not the central or southern part of North China. Instead, continuous adverse conditions and the dust backflow, which trapped dust aerosols in the southern part of North China for nearly two days, were responsible for high PM2.5 concentrations in Jinan and Zhengzhou after November 27 (146 and 156 µg m–3 vs. 114 and 144 µg m–3 before November 27, respectively). This study highlights the effect of dust transport on regional environmental pollution during the autumn and the winter.
Highlights
Fog and haze are common weather phenomena that dramatically decrease visibility
This study investigated a regional haze-fog-dust event that occurred in North China from November 23 till November 30 of 2018
The influence and the trajectory of the haze-fog and the dust were evaluated with satellite and air quality observation data, and the evolution of the hazefog event was analyzed with surface and vertical meteorological observation data
Summary
Fog and haze are common weather phenomena that dramatically decrease visibility. fog and haze are often associated with air pollution events, which greatly threaten public health and impact atmospheric radiation and regional climates (Huebert et al, 2003; Yang et al, 2010; Quan et al, 2011; Chen et al, 2013; Huang et al, 2014; Li et al, 2016a). Based on joint ground and satellite observations, a hazefog-dust event over northern China from November 23 till 30, 2018, was analyzed in this study. The spatial and temporal distributions of the meteorological conditions, atmospheric vertical structure, and optical properties were analyzed to explain the formation of haze-fog-dust events. The hourly surface meteorological data are available from the China Meteorological Data Service System (http://data.cma.cn/) These pollutant concentrations and meteorological data were used to confirm the formation of a haze-fog-dust episode. The Collection 6.1 Level 2 MODIS enhanced Deep Blue algorithm (MYD04) provides 10 km aerosol data on the Deep Blue aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm from November 23 till 30 and was used to analyze the haze and dust pollution over northern China. In this study, a dusty day was defined as one with a PM2.5/PM10 ratio < 0.4; the PM10 concentration was applied to adjust the duration of the episodes
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