Abstract
Estimates of the fractional fade time, expected number of fades, and mean duration of fade time associated with a transmitted Gaussian-beam wave are developed for uplink laser satellite-communication channels and compared with similar results based on a spherical wave model. Weak fluctuation theory using the lognormal model is applicable for zenith angles less than 60 degrees. Because spot size and off-axis scintillations are significant in the Gaussian- beam wave model but not for the spherical wave model, pointing errors become an important consideration in a reliable laser communication link. Off-axis scintillations increase even more rapidly for large diameter beams and can in some cases lead to a scintillation saturation for pointing errors greater than 1 (mu) rad off the optical beam axis.
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