Abstract
Water desalination using the reverse osmosis (RO) technique has the advantage of proportionality between the salt content and the energy demand of the process. Thus the RO technique is very attractive for desalination of brackish water. The basic principles as well as the energy requirements of the RO system are discussed here. A simplified approach to optimize the system parameters, so that the energy consumption per m 3 of desalinated water is a minimum, is given in this work. Because of the high cost of PV energy, a recovery unit is recommended and it is shown here that a considerable amount of energy demand can be economized using that unit. A proposed design for the recovery unit is discussed. The characteristics of a PV powered RO system are studied for tropical climate conditions where many consecutive cloudy days are unlikely to occur (the climatic conditions of Egypt have been considered). In the design given here, the system is assumed to work during daytime hours only to minimize the required battery storage size. Such a concept has proven to be the most economical solution for the system in tropical areas.
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