Abstract
In this paper, a nine compartmental model for malaria transmission in children was developed and a threshold parameter called control reproduction number which is known to be a vital threshold quantity in controlling the spread of malaria was derived. The model has a disease free equilibrium which is locally asymptotically stable if the control reproduction number is less than one and an endemic equilibrium point which is also locally asymptotically stable if the control reproduction number is greater than one. The model undergoes a backward bifurcation which is caused by loss of acquired immunity of recovered children and the rate at which exposed children progress to the mild stage of infection.
 Keywords: Malaria, Model, Backward Bifurcation, Local Stability.
Highlights
In most developing countries in Africa, Asia, Central America and South America, Malaria constitutes a major public health challenge for children
Studies revealed that children under five years of age in endemic areas are at the highest risk of malaria infection than other age groups
Immunity of recovered children ( C ) and the rate at which exposed children progress to the mild stage of infection ( C ) are the causes of backward bifurcation in the malaria transmission model
Summary
Recruitment rate into the children and vector population Natural death rate for children
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