Abstract

A recently proposed frequency divider by two, based on differential nonlinear transmission line, acting like a reflective distributed resonator, is analyzed in-depth. The flip bifurcation locus of a single cell is obtained analytically, which enables an understanding of the divider behavior and an initial estimation of its element values. The possibility to modify the division threshold and bandwidth through the proper selection of an additional linear capacitor is demonstrated. The influence of the number of cells on the division bandwidth and on the generated standing wave at the subharmonic frequency is also investigated. The techniques have been applied to two frequency divider with 1.5 and 2.2 GHz input frequency.

Highlights

  • The works [1−2] propose a frequency divider topology based on the use of a differential nonlinear transmission line (NLTL)

  • It enables an initial estimation of the circuit element values required in the multicell divider, which is analyzed numerically with specific harmonic balance (HB) tools

  • A symmetric stationary wave is formed at the subharmonic frequency [Fig. 3(a)], terminated in voltage minima due to the virtual short−circuits resulting from the differential operation

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

The works [1−2] propose a frequency divider topology based on the use of a differential nonlinear transmission line (NLTL). As shown in [1−2], the gain increase with the number of NLTL cells requires a minimization of the dispersion effect, that is, the pump propagation constant at 2 , denoted 2, must be approximately twice the propagation constant at To facilitate this relationship, an additional capacitor cc , connected as shown, is proposed in [2], which decreases the average capacitance at 2. The analytical formulation provides insight into the particular shape of the flip bifurcation loci [4,5] obtained through the variation of critical design parameters It enables an initial estimation of the circuit element values required in the multicell divider, which is analyzed numerically with specific harmonic balance (HB) tools.

EFFECT OF THE DISPERSION-COMPENSATION CAPACITOR
ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATION BANDWIDTH
CONCLUSION
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