Abstract
Through-wall and through-barrier motion-sensing systems are becoming increasingly important tools to locate humans concealed behind barriers and under rubble. The sensing performance of these systems is best determined with appropriately designed calibration targets, which are ones that can emulate human motion. The effectiveness of various dynamic calibration targets that emulate human respiration, heart rate, and other body motions were analyzed. Moreover, these targets should be amenable to field deployment and not manifest angular or orientation dependences. The three targets examined in this thesis possess spherical polyhedral geometries. Spherical geometries were selected due to their isotropic radar cross-sectional characteristics, which provide for consistent radar returns independent of the orientation of the radar transceiver relative to the test target. The aspect-independence of a sphere allows for more accurate and repeatable calibration of a radar than using a nonspherical calibration artifact. In addition, the radar cross section (RCS) for scattering spheres is well known and can be calculated using far-field approximations. For Doppler radar testing, it is desired to apply these calibration advantages to a dynamically expanding-and-contracting sphere-like device that can emulate motions of the human body. Monostatic RCS simulations at 3.6 GHz were documented for each geometry. The results provide a visual way of representing the effectiveness of each design as a dynamic calibration target for human detection purposes.
Highlights
Through-wall and through-rubble Doppler radar has proven to be an effective tool for human detection
Through-rubble Doppler radar has found its niche in natural disaster events as well, where survivors buried under mounds of rubble can be detected, located, and brought to safety [1]
The ideal through-wall and through-rubble Doppler radar calibration target should provide (1) a radar cross section (RCS) that is nominally equivalent to that of a human and (2) an RCS that remains relatively constant at all viewing angles
Summary
Through-wall and through-rubble Doppler radar has proven to be an effective tool for human detection. Since the calibration target is tailored for human sensing Doppler radar, it is paramount that the sphere is dynamic and capable of mimicking human physiological motion associated with heartbeat and respiration. This can be accomplished by dividing the sphere into multiple sections, thereby forming a spherical polyhedron. We discuss our findings and select a polyhedron geometry that demonstrates potential as a through-wall and through-rubble human sensing Doppler radar calibration target. Based on the above information, RCS data were collected on 20 test subjects in [6] This list was sorted through to identify males and females who best fit the “average” description.
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