Abstract
BackgroundChronic kidney disease is a known risk factor for end-stage renal and cardiovascular diseases. However, data are limited on the causes of hospitalization in patients with chronic kidney disease of maintenance period. This study aimed to aggregate hospitalization data of CKD patients and to determine the high-risk population. In addition, we compared CKD population to general population.MethodsWe conducted a post hoc analysis of the chronic kidney disease-Japan cohort study, a multicenter prospective cohort study of 2966 patients with chronic kidney disease with a median 3.9 years of follow-up. We examined the hospitalization reasons and analyzed the risk factors.ResultsWe found 2897 all-cause hospitalization events (252.3 events/1000 person-years), a hospitalization incidence 17.1-fold higher than that in an age- and sex-matched cohort from the general Japanese population. Kidney, eye and adnexa, and heart-related hospital admissions were the most common. All-cause hospitalization increased with chronic kidney disease stage and with the presence of diabetes. Patients with diabetes at enrollment had 345.7 hospitalization events/1000 person-years, which is considerably higher than 196.8 events/1000 person-years for those without diabetes. Survival analysis, using hospitalization as an event, showed earlier all-cause hospitalization with the progression of chronic kidney disease stage and diabetes. Cardiovascular disease hospitalizations were more strongly influenced by diabetes than chronic kidney disease stage.ConclusionsPatients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes are highly vulnerable to hospitalization for a variety of diseases. These descriptive data can be valuable in predicting the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Highlights
Materials and methodsChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem [1]
[03] Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases accounted for 16.6 events/1000 person-years, with diabetes mellitus accounting for 9.3 events/1000 person-years
With 2897 hospitalization events (252.3 events/1000 person-years), we have strong data supporting a few important findings in this vulnerable patients. These data demonstrate that CKD patients are at high risk of hospitalization for many diseases
Summary
Materials and methodsChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem [1]. On a strong cooperative relationship with the CRIC organizers, Japanese researchers initiated the chronic kidney diseaseJapan cohort (CKD-JAC) study, a multicenter prospective cohort study of Asian patients with stages 3, 4, or 5 CKD living in Japan, aged 20–75 years that monitored patients for 4 years [5, 6]. Data from these studies are being used to determine disease-risk profiles for CKD patients and establish risk factors predicting CKD progression [7, 8]. These descriptive data can be valuable in predicting the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease
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