Abstract
Summary Objective The aim of this study was to analyze and compare changes in muscle activation neck-shoulder muscles in healthy participants during front-crawl with and without a snorkel for the prevention or/and treatment of musculoskeletal injuries future. Methods and subjects We examined eight muscles of the shoulder and cervical spine with surface electromyography including cervical erector spinae, trapezius, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, pectoralis, anterior deltoid, middle deltoid and latissimus dorsi of the right shoulder of 16 participants (8 men and 8 women). Each subject was measured 5 complete cycles of front crawl (semi-tethered swimming) with/without snorkel with a speed of 40 beats per minute it marked for a metronome. Previously, carried out (land-based) test maximum voluntary contraction was used to normalize, in relative terms, the percentage of activation in swimming. Results The results showed that front crawl with snorkel leads to the cervical erector spinae increasing activity of 22% ( P = 0.020) when compared to front crawl without snorkel. Other muscles do not show statistically significant changes. Conclusions The use of the snorkel leads to an increase in the activity of the cervical erector spinae in front crawl potentially due to fixation of the head relative to the movement of the shoulder girdle.
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