Abstract
The state of an art for calibrating acoustic transducers at very low frequencies is by way of a confined and well understood environment. The Underwater Sound Reference Division (USRD) has three such calibration systems, called systems K, J, and L, respectively. Each system has a cylindrical tube, of certain length and diameter, that determine a cutoff calibration frequency. System K operates in a standing wave mode condition. Systems J and L both operate in traveling wave mode conditions, where plane waves propagate from one end of the tube to the other. Optimally locating a calibrated transducer and an unknown within the tube provides the proper configuration for calibration. This paper demonstrates the simulation tools to predict performance of aforementioned low‐frequency calibration systems. The mathematical model, the GUI coding, simulation, predicted, and test results will be presented.
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