Abstract
Hyperpolarized 13C MR is a novel medical imaging modality with substantially different signal dynamics as compared to conventional 1H MR, thus requiring new methods for processing the data in order to access and quantify the embedded metabolic and functional information. Here we describe step-by-step analysis protocols for functional renal hyperpolarized 13C imaging. These methods are useful for investigating renal blood flow and function as well as metabolic status of rodents in vivo under various experimental physiological conditions.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This analysis protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and experimental procedure.
Highlights
Hyperpolarized 13C imaging experiments can yield a wide variety of metabolic, structural, and functional information which is extracted via analysis of time-varying NMR signals
We describe some of the applications more specific to hyperpolarized 13C data analysis, and we guide the reader through
A key component of renal function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and most hyperpolarized 13C probes are sufficiently small to be freely filtered at the glomerulus
Summary
Hyperpolarized 13C imaging experiments can yield a wide variety of metabolic, structural, and functional information which is extracted via analysis of time-varying NMR signals. In addition to potentially degrading image resolution, this window has the consequence that physiological parameters calculated from the time course of image pixel intensity may be biased, either by RF flip angle (θ) nonuniformity or by influence of relaxation times which are almost never known precisely beforehand in vivo. Precise flip angle knowledge is key to the estimation of virtually every parameter measured here, θ is typically estimated using an external reference phantom during imaging. The nuances of hyperpolarized MRI may complicate image processing and could potentially bias parameters that are calculated from images if not properly taken into account. This analysis protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and experimental procedure, which are part of this book
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