Abstract
AbstractThis study integrates microseismic data and data from hundreds of rockbursts of different intensities that occurred in a water drainage tunnel and four deep headrace tunnels at Jinping II Hydropower Station in Sichuan Province, China. The tunnels with overburden depths between 1,900 and 2,525 m, the maximum principal stress of which reaches 63 MPa in a rock mass, is composed mainly of marble. The tunnels have a total length of 12.4 km. The microseismic energy produced during the development of immediate rockbursts induced by the excavation by the drill-and-blast method (DBM) and a tunnel-boring machine (TBM) were studied. The results indicate that the daily maximum microseismic energy can be used as a basis for estimating rockburst intensity. The daily maximum microseismic energy (logarithm) corresponds to intense rockbursts (>6), moderate rockbursts (between 5 and 6), weak rockbursts (between 4 and 5), and no rockbursts (<4). Before the occurrence of intense rockbursts, there were numerous weak a...
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