Abstract
Pozzolanic reactive material is considered as one of the most essential characteristic of cementing additive material in concrete technology application. Normally, the reactive material contains abundant silica that enhances concrete strength activity. Undeniably, it is proven that rice husk ash (RHA) possesses large quantity of silica that induces the pozzolanic reaction in concrete. Nevertheless, usage of conventional RHA is still widely accepted in concrete industry nowadays. One of the setback of conventional RHA incorporation is simply because of its properties inconsistency. Therefore, enhancement on the RHA properties by introduction of a specific pretreatment prior to incineration process is expected to provide an alternative way in order to produce highly reactive cementing additive material from locally available agricultural by-product, the rice husk. In this paper, a total number of 30 experimental set points was conducted. Statistical analysis was conducted for four independent variables and two responses using Response Surface Method (RSM). The analysis was completed using a commercial software set (Design-Expert) for experimental design and analysis. The independent variables were HCl concentration, soaking time, burning temperature and soaking temperature. Meanwhile, the responses investigated in this study were including cumulative pozzolan percentage and electric conductivity decrement from 0 to 2 minutes. As for the statistical analysis of the data for response 1, the cumulative pozzolan percentage calculated from the model was in-line with the experimental data, with R-squared value of 0.9565. Hence, the result validates the precision of the model. On the other hand, the R-squared value for response 2 which is the EC decrement from 0 - 2 Minutes, it shows that the model was in agreement to the experimental values at 0.9342. Thus, it is again justifies the model accuracy.
Highlights
In 2016, world paddy production was documented to have more than 740 million tons [1]
Responses investigated in this study were including cumulative pozzolan percentage (Y1) and electric conductivity decrement from 0 to 2 minutes (Y2)
Utilising local agricultural waste as SCM is seen as one of the best solution in order to maximise the usage of the by product. It shows that, the optimum conditions in pretreatment process possesses a significant role in terms of improving the chemical composition of ultrafine treated rice husk ash (UFTRHA) as highly reactive cementing additive material
Summary
In 2016, world paddy production was documented to have more than 740 million tons [1]. Among the reasons that hindered the utilization of RHA as SCM in current construction industry are due to inconsistency of its amorphousness degree with undesirable composition i.e. potassium oxide (K2O) and sodium oxide (Na2O) These compositions cause pure silica content in the rice husk ash to melt at low temperature i.e. less than 800oC [3]. Most of the activities concentrated on pretreatment of rice husk using acid leaching concentrated on physical and chemical properties such as chemical content percentage, degree of material amorphousness, degree of pozzolanic behavior etc. There is a significant to further extend the investigation on the effect of low concentration of acid to the quality and performance of the ultrafine treated rice husk ash (UFTRHA) as highly reactive cementing additive material as well as the effect of mechanical activation via planetary ball mill to the UFTRHA
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