Abstract
This article deals with the analysis and use of Mn ore fines in the production of ferroalloys. The paper focuses on the evaluation of Mn ores in terms of their chemical and phase composition. Mn ore fines are formed in the process of mining, transport and processing of Mn ores in factories. These small particles cannot be directly put into the furnace; they should be edit before they are used. The most appropriate treatment method of Mn ore fines is sintering. Laboratory experiments were done with Mn ore from Turkey, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bulgaria. Analyses of the Mn ores were performed in order to determine their various properties, according to which conditions were adapted for laboratory experiments to produce the best quality Mn sinter. Chemical and phase composition and thermal analysis have been performed on the ores. The phase analysis showed that the ore from Turkey and Bulgaria are in the carbonate form and the ore from Bosnia and Herzegovina is in the oxide form. DTG analysis showed that, by the thermally heating the biggest weight loss happened in the Mn ore from Bulgaria. For the best quality ore can be considered the Mn ore from Turkey because it containsthe highest % of Mn, lowest content of SiO2 and the ore has the lowest % of P. The sizing of Mn ore fines was carried out in laboratory conditions on a laboratory sintering pan. Produced Mn sinters were subjected to analysis of their chemical and phase composition. Produced Mn sinters have higher content of Mntot compared to Mn ores. As a result of Mn ore sintering the form of majority compounds changed - silicates, carbonates and hydrates of manganese in the starting Mn ores were in the produced Mn sinters analysed majority compounds based on the higher oxides of Mn and Fe, which is in the process for production of Mn ferroalloys positive.
Highlights
In connection with the increasing percentage of steel being made in electric furnaces and converters in foreign metallurgical practice, there is a rising demand for ferrosilicomanganese and ferromanganese [1, 2]
3 Results and discussion In ferroalloy factories, where manganese ferroalloys are produced a large quantity of Mn ore fines is formed
The comparison of the chemical composition of the different Mn ores shows that the highest levels Mntot are in the Mn ore Turkey (31.82 %) and Bulgaria (29.20 %)
Summary
In connection with the increasing percentage of steel being made in electric furnaces and converters in foreign metallurgical practice, there is a rising demand for ferrosilicomanganese and ferromanganese [1, 2]. Manganese is added into steel for its deoxidizing and desulfurizing and alloying effect [3, 4]. The main raw materials for the production of manganese ferroalloys are manganese ores and manganese sinters [5, 6]. In the production of manganese alloys one of the major costs is the price of manganese raw materials, especially the price of manganese ore. The contents of iron, silicon, and phosphorus impurities in manganese ores are limiting factors in the beneficiation process [7]. From the economical and environmental point of view optimization of raw materials is essential [8, 9].
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