Analysis and Simulation of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicle

Abstract

The continuous increase in demand of efficient energy storage for automobile sector and with controlling mechanism to rise in environmental issues leads to adoption of hybrid energy storage system. This hybridization can be battery and internal combustion engine or battery with supercapacitor to meet the energy and power requirement demands. Electric mobility deals with use of electric energy in automobile sector but problem lies in using pure electric battery-based vehicle are less power density at higher torque requirement as well thermal runaway for longer run. Many renewable energy sources like wind, wave and solar energy which can be used to generate electricity for charging electric vehicle batteries. Some conventional batteries like lead acid have drawbacks of increased in weight and size optimization for efficient energy storage system. Also, by using hybridization of internal combustion engine with battery, still dependency on petroleum fuel and its environmental effects will not be controlled. Therefore, selecting option of hybrid energy storage system of lithium-ion battery and supercapacitor can be an efficient option to meet the requirement of energy and power during working cycle. The structural design of battery and supercapacitor hybrid system consists of high-capacity battery-type electrode and a high-rate capacitive electrode; its proper design will provide improvement in performance, reduction in cost, safer working conditions and environmental friendliness. The proposed work basically focuses on hybrid energy storage system for light vehicle. A comparative analysis of various hybridization is studied in this paper with case study involving simulation using MATLAB / Simulink software. Main idea in this work is use of convertor to be worked as a controlled energy system for maintaining the high voltage of the supercapacitor when it exceeds the battery voltage for at most of driving conditions. At smooth running conditions battery will provide the necessary amount of energy to propel the vehicle, when requirement of power density is less and energy density is more. At starting phase and inclination road when power requirement is more compared to energy density supercapacitor will work. This system will increase the life of the battery and reduction in weight of vehicle as the batteries are sized to ensure many constraints like start up, acceleration, braking and energy recovery.