Abstract
The dynamic model of the front double wishbone suspension and the rear multi-link suspension of the vehicle are established. On the basis of detailed analysis of suspension kinematics, calculation method of wheel alignment angle and force calculation of suspension bushing, the influence mechanism of suspension bushing on the vehicle transient state is clarified, and the vehicle transient characteristic index is derived from the vehicle three-free dynamic model. The sensitivity analysis of the suspension bushing is carried out, and the bushing stiffness which has a great influence on the transient state of the vehicle is obtained. The bushing stiffness scale factor is used as the optimization variable, the vehicle transient characteristic index is used as the optimization target, and the NSGA-II optimization algorithm is used for multi-objective optimization. After optimization, one Pareto solution is selected to compare with the original vehicle, the comparison results show that the yaw rate gain, resonance frequency and delay time of yaw rate in the vehicle transient characteristic index are all improved, other optimization targets change less. In the steady-state comparison, the understeer tendency of the vehicle increases, and the roll angle of the vehicle increases but is within an acceptable range.
Highlights
The K (Kinematics) characteristic and C (Compliance) characteristic of the suspension are important performances of the suspension, which largely determines the handling stability of the vehicle
The stiffness calculation of vehicle suspension bushing is analyzed and the multi-body dynamic model of vehicle’s front and rear suspension is established according to the actual vehicle
The influence mechanism of the bushing on the suspension wheel alignment angle and the suspension force is analyzed in detail and upper front control arm bushing in the z direction is reduced by 97%
Summary
The K (Kinematics) characteristic and C (Compliance) characteristic of the suspension are important performances of the suspension, which largely determines the handling stability of the vehicle. In order to analysis the force and moment of suspension’s ball joint and bushing, firstly, the position transformation of each connection point of the double wishbone suspension is analyzed.[13] The double wishbone suspension is composed of upper control arm, lower control arm, wheel knuckle, springs, shock absorbers and tie rods. Based on the force analysis about front double wishbone suspension and the rear multi-link suspension, the compliance characteristic simulation analysis of the double wishbone suspension and the rear multi-link suspension of the vehicle is carried out, the changes of the toe angle and the camber angle of the wheel with the lateral force and the longitudinal force as shown in Figures 16 to 19 are obtained. À Ixzs[2] À 2Nk Iks2 + Cks + (Kk À msghs) ð74Þ c_ (s) d(s) mVs + 2(Kf + 2(aKf À bKr) À mshsVs
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