Analysis and optimization of concentrator photovoltaic system using a phase change material (RT 35HC) combined with variable metal fins

Abstract

One of the biggest challenges of modern technology is the production of clean energy from available resources such as wind, sun and sea. The solar panel is considered as a potent tool for the production of green electric energy from solar irradiation. However, the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems is related to the effectiveness of the integrated cooling system. In the present paper, PCM (RT35HC) has been used as a cooling process, which is placed in the back container of the photovoltaic unit. To enhance the thermal performance of PCM, a set of fins of different materials (graphite, copper, steel and titanium) has been integrated into the cooling enclosure. Additionally, the performance of the solar panel has been investigated with the variation of the inclination angle (β = 0, 30, 45, 75, and 90°). Independently of the fins material type and the inclination angle (β) of the PV-system, the presence of fins has relatively enhanced the energetical efficiency of the solar panel, especially with the adoption of graphite and copper materials. With the use of graphite and copper, the mean temperature of the solar panel was reduced by 3 °C compared to the case of steel and titanium. The overall PV temperature was stabilized at around 40 °C. The outcomes of the present study are of great importance for future developments of photovoltaic (PV) systems.