Abstract
The 15-minute community life circle (15min-CLC) strategy is one of Shanghai's important methods for building a global city and facing a society with a more diverse population structure in the future. In the existing research, the balance between the construction of the life circle and the needs of the people in the life circle still needs to be further fulfilled. This paper is based on the city's multi-source large data set including 2018 AutoNavi POI (Point of Interests), OSM (OpenStreetMap) road network data and LandScan population data set, and evaluates the current status of Shanghai's 15min-CLC through the fusion of kernel density estimation, service area analysis and other statistical models and proposes relevant optimization suggestions. The results show that there are the following shortcomings: (1) From the perspective of different types of infrastructure service facilities, the spatial construction of Shanghai's overall life service facilities and shopping service facilities needs to be optimized. (2) From the perspective of comprehensive evaluation, the comprehensive service convenience of infrastructure service facilities in the downtown area is relatively high, while the comprehensive service convenience of urban infrastructure service facilities in the suburbs and outer suburbs is relatively low; The diversity of basic service facilities in the 15min-CLC in the downtown area is more consistent with the population distribution; However, in the peripheral areas of the urban area, too many infrastructure service facilities have been constructed. Based on the above shortcomings and the perspective of supply and demand matching, relevant optimization strategies are proposed in different regions and different types of infrastructure service facilities: (1) focus on the construction of basic service facilities in the urban fringe and urban-rural areas, improve the full coverage of the basic service facilities, and appropriately reduce the number of basic service facilities in the downtown area. (2) The development of community business models can be used to promote the development of new life service facilities and shopping service facilities. (3) Improve community medical institutions through facility function conversion, merger and reconstruction, etc. (4) Optimize the hierarchical basic service facility system and improve the population supporting facilities of basic service facilities in the 15min-CLC. This paper incorporates people's needs and concerns on the living environment into the 15min-CLC evaluation model, and uses Shanghai as an example to conduct research, summarizes the existing shortcomings, and proposes corresponding optimization strategies based on the matching of supply and demand. This article attempts to explore a replicable 15min-CLC planning model, so that it can be extended to the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, to provide reference for further research on the 15min-CLC, and to promote urban construction under the concept of sustainable development.
Highlights
The rapid urbanization process has had a huge impact on the social, economic, and environmental aspects of the city
From the perspective of data, the urban pedestrian road data source used in this article, OSM data, is already a relatively mature volunteer geographic information service, but its data still has a certain degree of subjectivity, and the topology and complete coverage of road data still need to be further screened; as for the population data used in this article, the LandScan data set has been able to better represent the distribution of the resident population, but its spatial resolution still needs further consideration for the promotion and application of 15min-CLC research in other cities; the POI data used in the article does not contains all types, but only filters some categories of basic service facilities related to the basic needs of life
The diversity of basic service facilities in the 15min-CLC in the downtown area is relatively consistent with the population distribution, while the peripheral areas of the urban area have an excess of infrastructure service facilities.; And other areas due to uneven population distribution, the spatial layout of their basic service facilities still needs to be further optimized
Summary
The rapid urbanization process has had a huge impact on the social, economic, and environmental aspects of the city. The report “Big Earth Data in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)” pointed out that open space is a prerequisite for improving the quality of life. As the ideological cognition and interest preferences of life groups become more complex and diverse, the difficulty of community construction, operation and governance has increased . With the continuous transformation of urban planning, the spatial organization model has changed from the previous residential space organization model of "residential area-residential quarter-residential group" to a hierarchical model of "15-minute living circle-ten-minute living circle-five-minute living circle-residential neighborhood" [2]. As the concept of “community life circle” has received attention, innovative thinking has been given to the functional connotation and construction mechanism of urban space. It has become an inevitable trend to improve community construction with the concept of "life circle"
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