ANALYSIS AND JUSTIFICATION OF PHYSIC-MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND METHODS OF CALCULATION OF RISKS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AT AUTONOUSING STATIONS (ANS)

Abstract

Failure leads to accidents at industrial and other facilities – an event that impairs the operational status of equipment and facilities. Different types of failures can lead to the same emergency situation and the same failure can lead to different emergency situations. In turn, an emergency situation is a combination of conditions or circumstances, the occurrence of which can lead to the occurrence of risk factors - causes, driving forces that lead to a negative impact on different recipients. Each situation can lead to a single risk factor, and to several at once, which, in turn, can lead to the occurrence of one or several types of risk, depending on the nature of the damage.The cause of an emergency is a failure (accumulation of single failures) initiating an event – the development of an accident. Estimates of modern chemical production give an indicator of the reliability of the accident 10-3, that is, great potential technical capabilities for managing risk in the state of the actual reliability of facilities and equipping them with means of monitoring, diagnostics and emergency protection.The article examines the causes of fires and explosions that can occur at gas-filling stations at the time of receiving liquefied gas in underground tanks, storage in tanks, filling gas cylinders and fuel tanks of cars from tanks and storage of cylinders. It is established that the common causes of emergency situations are: open fire, sparks, static electricity discharges, lightning discharges, spontaneous combustion. Calculations were carried out of the affected areas by the shock wave, the fire of the strait and the fireball, the values of individual risks for various types of accidents.Identified the most significant factor in the accident. Analyzed the consequences of accidents, provides recommendations on the use of the results in practice.