Analysis and improvement of car-following stability for connected automated vehicles with multiple information uncertainties

Abstract

Connected automated vehicles have the capability to operate autonomously by monitoring real-time traffic information through on-board sensors, such as velocity and distance. However, no measurement can be perfect, and sensors are no exception, especially in challenging road and weather conditions, leading to the deviations between multiple information measured by vehicles and true information. Since the sizes of sensor detection errors are uncertain, we call this issue as multiple information uncertainties. This issue affects not only the normal operation of host vehicle directly but also the connected automated vehicular flow indirectly through wireless communication, resulting in the instability of car-following behavior and further deteriorating traffic congestion. So far, it is hard for us to obtain the repeatable, transferable, and even comparable results due to the lack of generic model. Therefore, this study develops a generalized model by using the uncertainty levels of multiple information to describe the dynamics of connected automated vehicles under the influence of sensor detection errors based on car-following theory. The theoretical and simulation-based investigations present a complete method to analyze the stability of traffic flow under multiple information uncertainties. Analytical results show that traffic stability will be reduced when the velocity measured by sensors is smaller than true velocity (i.e., negative uncertainty level of velocity information) or the headway monitored by sensors is bigger than real headway (i.e., positive uncertainty level of headway information), whereas the velocity and headway of equilibrium state will be enlarged. Otherwise, the opposite. These findings indicate that the impacts of multiple information uncertainties are double-edged swords, depending on the uncertainty levels of different information. To improve the adverse impacts of multiple information uncertainties on traffic stability, this study proposes a novel car-following controller and verifies its effectiveness. Overall, the present study provides a set of theoretical frameworks to investigate and improve traffic stability under multiple information uncertainties. All results contribute to enhancing the stability of traffic flow and further easing traffic congestion.