Abstract
In order to realize emission-free solutions and clean transportation alternatives, this paper presents a new DC converter with pulse frequency control for a battery charger in electric vehicles (EVs) or light electric vehicles (LEVs). The circuit configuration includes a resonant tank on the high-voltage side and two variable winding sets on the output side to achieve wide output voltage operation for a universal LEV battery charger. The input terminal of the presented converter is a from DC microgrid with voltage levels of 380, 760, or 1500 V for house, industry plant, or DC transportation vehicle demands, respectively. To reduce voltage stresses on active devices, a cascade circuit structure with less voltage rating on power semiconductors is used on the primary side. Two resonant capacitors were selected on the resonant tank, not only to achieve the two input voltage balance problem but also to realize the resonant operation to control load voltage. By using the variable switching frequency approach to regulate load voltage, active switches are turned on with soft switching operation to improve converter efficiency. In order to achieve wide output voltage capability for universal battery charger demands such as scooters, electric motorbikes, Li-ion e-trikes, golf carts, luxury golf cars, and quad applications, two variable winding sets were selected to have a wide voltage output (50~160 V). Finally, experiments with a 1 kW rated prototype were demonstrated to validate the performance and benefits of presented converter.
Highlights
Clean renewable energies with power electronic techniques have been widely developed to generate alternative current (AC) voltage or direct current (DC) voltage on AC utility systems [1,2,3,4] or DC microgrid systems [5,6]
DC/DC pulse-width modulation converters (PWMs) and AC/DC PWM converters are adopted for solar power [7,8]
DC–DC converters [10,11,12,13] with full bridge circuit topologies have been developed to convert low voltage (380 V) input into low voltage units
Summary
Clean renewable energies with power electronic techniques have been widely developed to generate alternative current (AC) voltage or direct current (DC) voltage on AC utility systems [1,2,3,4] or DC microgrid systems [5,6]. Using the phase shift PWM technique on full bridge converters [19,20] can reduce switching loss and obtain a high circuit efficiency. Resonant converters with the pulse frequency modulation technique were presented in [21,22] to realize low switching losses on power semiconductors over the whole load range. To implement clean transportation alternatives and realize emission-free demands, a new PWM converter with the advantages of a wide voltage output capability and low switching loss is presented and verified in this paper for a universal battery charger in LEV or electric vehicle (EV) applications. A cascade resonant circuit was selected to lessen the voltage rating on active devices so that 600 V power switches are adopted for the 760 V input condition.
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