Abstract
The research focuses on identifying and characterizing the occurrence of episodes of meteorological droughts in the Puno region in Perú, in order to determine the economic impact of this climatic phenomenon on agricultural activities in the region. From the use of the standardized rainfall index for 12 months (SPI-12) for the period 1981-2019, the occurrence, magnitude, persistence and spatial evolution of drought events in the area were determined, determining that the events that occurred in the years 1982/83, 1989/90 and 1991/92, escalated to levels of severe drought and extreme drought, mainly in the extreme south of the region, which corresponds to the provinces of El Collao, Yunguyo and Chucuito. For the determination of the impact of droughts on agriculture in the region, the records of losses of cultivated areas corresponding to the period 1997-2017 administered by the competent authority were used, finding the non-existence of a direct correlation between the presence of meteorological droughts and the economic losses in production, due to the fact that said information has a general character, not discriminating the different climatic phenomena that generate economic losses in the agriculture sector, therefore, they are not adequate to estimate the economic impact of droughts in the Puno region.
Highlights
Drought is a condition on the land caused by recurring water shortages that fall below the normal average [1,2] or defined threshold levels [3], being a very devastating natural hazard [4]
The standardized precipitation index (SPI)-12 values (Figure 2) corresponding to the period 1981-2019 show the occurrence of droughts of moderate, severe and extreme intensity, in the decade from 1981 to 1990 the occurrence of four drought events is evidenced whose values peaks correspond to the years 1982/83, 1983/84, 1988/89 and 1989/90, in the decade from 1991 to 2000 there is evidence of the occurrence of three drought events whose peak values were recorded in the years 1991/92, 1994/95 and 1995/96
The SPI time series for a 12-month time scale (SPI-12) estimated as of July of each year of the analysis period (1981-2019), for the 13 provinces of the Puno region (Figure 2) suggests the existence of a common pattern in the behavior of SPI values in the 13 provinces, evidencing the presence of SPI-12 values lower than -1.0, in the years 1982/83, 1983/84, 1989/90, 1991/92, 1994/95, 2004/05, 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2010/11, being the episodes of greatest severity of the drought those that occurred in the years 1982/83, 1989/90 and 1991/92, climbing to severe to extraordinarily dry conditions
Summary
Drought is a condition on the land caused by recurring water shortages that fall below the normal average [1,2] or defined threshold levels [3], being a very devastating natural hazard [4]. Droughts can develop in short periods (months) or long periods of time (years) [5] for different situations or causes, which depend on the climatic characteristics of each region, including water use, land use and the different economic activities that are developed [6]. Drought is perceived as one of the natural disasters with negative consequences on any type of climate [7]. The impact of drought is governed by the magnitude, duration, frequency, and spatial extent of the precipitation deficit [11]
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