Abstract
Variable optical attenuators based on nematic liquid-crystal cells are considered. The attenuation curves of variable optical attenuators based on the 90° twisted and the parallel-aligned liquid-crystal cells are analysed explicitly with an approximate model, and the electro-optical behaviours of parallel-aligned liquid-crystal cells with a weak surface anchoring strength are modelled. Simulation results show that a large attenuation range and a shallow attenuation slope can be achieved simultaneously by using the parallel-aligned liquid-crystal cell with appropriate surface anchoring. The attenuation is nearly wavelength insensitive in a broad range of wavelengths.
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