Abstract
The operating characteristics of the hydram system were studied analytically, with some parameters being determined experimentally. The system efficiency, pumping capacity, pump power, and cycle duration were derived with a simple computerized model. Comparison of the model and experimental results gave good correlations for pump efficiency and pump capacity. Pump power and cycle duration were not predicted with high accuracy, but satisfactory trends were obtained. The computer model also indicated that high friction losses through the valves are undesirable and that the velocity, obtained in the drive pipe, at which the waste valve begins to close is the dominant factor controlling the hydram operation. Finally, it was demonstrated that the theoretical model could be used for hydram design, prediction of hydram performance in a planned installation, and survey of suitable sites for hydram use. Key words: computer modelling, hydram, hydraulic ram, pump, pumping, pump characteristics, renewable energy, water hammer.
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