Abstract
The connection among firms and tourists within cultural tourism clusters (CTC) is particularly strong in historical and World Heritage Cities destinations due to the ability of these destinations to contribute to the development of social capital (SC). This ability is explained from the fact there is a strong connection between cultural heritage, identity and sense of belonging. In recent years the meaning of heritage has shifted from national to local importance, based on cultural value rather than on architectural or historical value. Therefore, the participation of local communities is essential in the heritage of sustainable tourism. This allows them not only to express their opinions, but also to actually take part in the processes of planning and management of heritage conservation. Local communities are those that are closely linked to cultural heritage. On the one hand, by applying an ambidextrous management approach to Mission Patrimoine (French lottery launched in 2018 aiming at generating revenue to restore build heritage) the French government has the opportunity to initiate a social capital (SC) initiative associating local stakeholders, namely the local government and the local population, and on the other hand, visitors or tourists. In this paper, a community-based heritage conceptual model is suggested to strengthen the identity sense and to combat the negative effects of tourism. Organisational ambidexterity has been identified as the most suitable approach, due to its ability to contribute to the development of a dialogical spaces. The findings of this research are going beyond the topic of heritage. They are relevant to any research related to sustainability.
Highlights
Half of the French population is gambling or playing the lottery at least once a year
On 15 January 2019, the Mission Patrimoine disclosed the exact amount of funding allocated to each of the 269 earmarked sites: while some project leaders were disappointed by the amounts they would receive, others were fully satisfied
Despite the good intention behind Mission Patrimoine, the success could be considered to be mitigated by the fact that apart form the financial aspect, the project has failed to foster a sense of community, the importance of the recommendation formulated in this research
Summary
Half of the French population is gambling or playing the lottery at least once a year. As a result, gambling and lottery generate 40 billion euro per year, and 100,000 jobs are created [1]. This study is arguing that the lottery, Mission Patrimoine, launched in 2018 by the French government, could play the role of a mediator between the government, the locals and visitors. This is all the more important in the current international context of anti-tourism movements and tourismphobia [2,3,4]. Gombault [5], is arguing that there is a gap in the application and research on the topic of creative tourism applied to France
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