Analysing the effect of a dynamic physical environment network on the travel dynamics of forcibly displaced persons in Mali

Abstract

Article Analysing the effect of a dynamic physical environment network on the travel dynamics of forcibly displaced persons in Mali Boesjes Freek 1, Jahani Alireza 2, Ooink Bas 3, and Derek Groen 2,* 1 Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CS, the Netherlands 2 Computer Science Department, Brunel University London, Wilfred Brown Building, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 3 Blue Team Intelligence, Jan Aertshof 3, Hoevelaken 3871 WH, the Netherlands * Correspondence: Derek.Groen@brunel.ac.uk     Received: 7 September 2023 Accepted: 30 January 2024 Published: 26 March 2024   Abstract: As of 2023, the world has approximately 100 million refugees, many of whom have been displaced by violent conflicts. Accurately predicting where these people may go can help non-government organisations (NGOs) and other support organisations to more effectively help these refugees. In this paper, we extend the existing flee migration forecasting model which models migration using intelligent agents with a dynamic network that represents the physical environment. In doing so, we integrate time-dependent data into four different characteristics from three public data sources. We obtain data from aspects such as the slope, drainage, soil and infrastructure, and use these aspects to systematically modify the movement preferences of forcibly displaced agents in the flee model. We showcase our approach by applying it to the 2012 northern Mali conflict. We find that numerous routes previously deemed traversable are actually inaccessible for prolonged periods according to sensor data, and a range of off-road routes are instead traversable for vehicles. We also perform a validation comparison with the original modelling approach, and find that our revised representation of travel routes leads to a reduction of 4.5% in the averaged relative difference. Our approach can be reused in other flee conflict contexts, of which five are present in the EU-funded ITFLOWS project alone. Our work provides the ability to represent a dynamic physical environment and potentially improves the simulation accuracy in a range of flee conflict situations.