Abstract
On August 17<sup>th</sup> 1999, a M<sub>w</sub> 7.4 earthquake struck the city of Izmit in the north-west of Turkey. This event was one of the most devastating earthquakes of the twentieth century. The epicentre of the Izmit earthquake was on the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) which is one of the most active right-lateral strike-slip faults on earth. However, this earthquake offers an opportunity to study how strain is accommodated in an inter-segment region of a large strike slip fault. In order to determine the Izmit earthquake post-seismic effects, the authors modelled Coulomb stress changes of the aftershocks, as well as using the deformation measurement techniques of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The authors have shown that InSAR and GNSS observations over a time period of three months after the earthquake combined with Coulomb Stress Change Modelling can explain the fault zone expansion, as well as the deformation of the northern region of the NAF. It was also found that there is a strong agreement between the InSAR and GNSS results for the post-seismic phases of investigation, with differences less than 2mm, and the standard deviation of the differences is less than 1mm.
Highlights
On 17 August 1999, at 03:01:37 local time, an earthquake jolted north-west Turkey (Izmit Province) for about 37 seconds
Post-seismic assessment of the 1999 Izmit earthquake has shown that the use of three techniques (InSAR, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Coulomb Stress Change Modelling) provides complementary information for the distribution of post-seismic deformations
In the case of the 21st and 22nd October 1999 period the standard deviation of the differences between displacements derived by the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and GNSS techniques is 0.14mm, which is the highest consistency between InSAR and GNSS results in this study
Summary
On 17 August 1999, at 03:01:37 local time, an earthquake jolted north-west Turkey (Izmit Province) for about 37 seconds. The United States Geological Survey (1999) Kandilli Observatory and the Earthquake Research Institute (1999) announced the quake moment magnitude to be 7.4 with its epicentre 11km south-east of the city of Izmit. This earthquake caused significant damage to Izmit and several surrounding cities, towns and villages. The World Bank (2003) reported that the Izmit earthquake caused approximately US$3 to $6.5 billion in loss of property, corresponding to 1.5 to 3.3% of the Gross National Product of Turkey (MARsite, 2015).
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