Abstract
AbstractThe distribution of 3 species of satyrid butterfly (Pararge aegeria, Aphantopus hyperantus and Pyronia tithonus) that are currently expanding in the UK was investigated. These species were chosen because they have broadly similar ecologies and dispersal abilities but differed in their habitat requirements and in the availability of suitable breeding habitat. Since the 1940s, range margins of these species have shifted northwards in the UK in agreement with climatic changes. Rates of expansion differed among the species in the order Pyronia tithonus > A. hyperantus > Pararge aegeria, mirroring patterns of habitat availability. Climate was shown to be important in determining their distributions at a European scale. At a UK scale, both climate suitability and habitat availability were significantly and positively related to butterfly distributions, but there was evidence that Pararge aegeria and A. hyperantus, the 2 species with the most restricted habitat requirements, were lagging behind current climates.
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