Abstract
BackgroundBanana fruits are rich in various high-value metabolites and play a key role in the human diet. Of these components, carotenoids have attracted considerable attention due to their physiological role and human health care functions. However, the accumulation patterns of carotenoids and genome-wide analysis of gene expression during banana fruit development have not been comprehensively evaluated.ResultsIn the present study, an integrative analysis of metabolites and transcriptome profiles in banana fruit with three different development stages was performed. A total of 11 carotenoid compounds were identified, and most of these compounds showed markedly higher abundances in mature green and/or mature fruit than in young fruit. Results were linked to the high expression of carotenoid synthesis and regulatory genes in the middle and late stages of fruit development. Co-expression network analysis revealed that 79 differentially expressed transcription factor genes may be responsible for the regulation of LCYB (lycopene β-cyclase), a key enzyme catalyzing the biosynthesis of α- and β-carotene.ConclusionsCollectively, the study provided new insights into the understanding of dynamic changes in carotenoid content and gene expression level during banana fruit development.
Highlights
Banana fruits are rich in various high-value metabolites and play a key role in the human diet
Banana fruits play a key role in the human diet due to their desirable palatability and high nutritional value [1, 2]
Carotenoids are synthesized via successive condensations of the five-carbon molecule isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) [11]
Summary
Banana fruits are rich in various high-value metabolites and play a key role in the human diet. Of these components, carotenoids have attracted considerable attention due to their physiological role and human health care functions. Bananas are rich in various metabolites, such as soluble sugars, vitamins, carotenoids, phenolics, and minerals [3] Of these components, carotenoids represent a large and diverse class of biological compounds and fulfill many important physiological functions [4]. Plants have two distinct routes for IPP and DMAPP biosynthesis: the cytosolic mevalonic acid and the plastid methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathways [12, 13]. The colorless carotenoid phytoene is formed by the condensation of two molecules of GGPP. In addition to the structural genes, some transcription factors have been reported to be involved in the synthesis of carotenoids by regulating the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes, such as MADS-box [15], SBP-box [16], NAC [17], AP2/ERF [18], MYB [19], HD-Zip [20], and NF-Y [21]
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