Analyses of continuous measurements of cosmic ray induced-neutrons spectra at the Concordia Antarctic Station from 2016 to 2024

Abstract

This paper presents analyses of cosmic-ray-induced neutron measurements spanning from 2016 to 2023 at the Concordia Antarctic high-altitude station. Environmental and systematic effects are meticulously considered in both long-term and short-term perspectives. The study delves into space weather cases, focusing on solar events in September 2017 and October 2021, along with a specific examination of the impact of the Atmospheric River in March 2022. The paper explores the valuable contribution of modeling to data analyses, particularly its capacity to infer solar modulation from neutron spectra. All analyses integrate modulations of the neutron spectrum, with a specific emphasis on short-term events, representing the principal contribution of the spectral measurements.