Abstract
To scientifically settle the puzzle of origin of fruit plants, the chloroplast genomic sequences of three species of Yulania subsect. Cylindricae (Spongb.) D. L. Fu, subsect. comb. nov. (Magnoliaceae) were determined, which were compared with some taxa by means of the typical algorithm, a new method for genomic evolutionomy based on the evolutionary continuity principle. The results indicated that among some representative species of Gymnospermophyda, Yulania puberula D. L. Fu, sp. nov. has the closest relatively evolutionary relationship with Ginkgo biloba, not with the species of Cycas, Welwitschia or Ephedra, which indicated that fruit plants originated from Ginkgoopsida, not from Cycadopsida thought by the euanthium-theory or Chlamydopsermopsida thought by the pseudoanthium-theory. Among some representative species of Fructophyta, Ginkgo biloba has the closest relatively evolutionary relationship with Yulania puberula indicating that the new species is the relatively most primitive species of fruit plants, which is consistent with the results of morphological evolutionomy. The evolutionary system of Magnoliaceae includes 4 natural genera: Yulania Spach, Magnolia L., Michelia L. and Liriodendron L., whose boundaries all are PHS(17bp)=0.93. Furthermore Yulania subsect. Cylindricae and its three species were described or emended. The holotype of new species of Yulania puberula was designated, whose main typici-evolutionary characters, including diagnostic differences and particularities, was given and illustrated. The epitype of Y. shizhenii was designated and four synonyms of Y. cylindrica were listed. Typical algorithm is a scientific method of genomic evolutionomy and a scientifically new tool to solve the puzzle of evolutionomy of fruit plants.
Highlights
According to the evolutionary continuity principle, it can be determined that fruit plants originated from Ginkgoopsida, not from Cycadopsida thought by the euanthium-theory or Chlamydopsermopsida by the pseudoanthium- theory
In order to determine the relatively evolutionary relationship among the species of genus of Yulania, the EVS and PHS between Ginkgo biloba and 10 species of Yulania Spach were calculated, and the results are shown in Table 7: It can be seen from Table 7 that Yulania puberula and Yulania cylindrica have the closest relatively evolutionary relationships with Ginkgo biloba, and the evolutionary similarities are same as EVS=0.0255, but PHS between Yulania puberula and Ginkgo biloba is PHS=0.0713, which is higher than PHS= 0.0712 between Yulania cylindrica and Ginkgo biloba, so Yulania puberula has the closest evolutionary relationship and phylogenetic relationship with Gingko biloba among species of the genus of Yulania Spach
The species with white or whitish-purple flowers and red fruits, very beautiful, is an excellent ornamental tree species in Scientifically overcoming the limitation of Phylogeny sometimes being partial and subjective, typical algorithm for the genomic evolutionomy, is a scientifically new method and new tool to solve the puzzle of evolutionomy of fruit plants
Summary
D. Zhang system [2], which thought flowering plants originated from Chlamydopsermopsida of Gymnospermophyta. Y. Wu System [7], which thought flowering plants originated from Cycadopsida of Gymnospermophyta. Winteraceae Lindley are the most primitive taxa of flowering plants in Takhtajan system [5] and Cronquist system [6], and Magnoliaceae Juss. Are the most primitive taxa of flowering plants in Hutchinson system [4] and C. As the most primitive angiosperm and establish taxonomic taxa such as Eudicots and Core eudicots [8]. The chloroplast genomic sequences of three primitive species of Yulania subsect. (Magnoliaceae Juss.) were determined and compared with some primitive taxa by means of the typical algorithm based on the evolutionary continuity principle [1].
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