Abstract
The paper summarizes important results of four new empirical studies on learning/achievement levels of children and adults in formal and informal basic-education-settings in Senegal. The first two studies are representative analyses of formal (public and private) primary education, focussing on French language and basic math in grade 4 and 6, the third analyzes the learning results in national language proficiency and basic math of a representative sample of mainly (female) adult participants of alphabetization courses and youngsters attending experimental national-language-schools. The fourth study ... is the only one using the same analytical instruments .. . to explicitly compare achievement levels and background variables of learners in formal and non-formal (traditional and modern) basic education settings. The authors ... argue that the performance level of ( modern) non-formal educational settings (islamic schools, alphabetization courses) fares surprisingly well in comparison to formal (French-language) education. French as the only language of instruction ... seems to be mainly responsible for the low achievement levels of the majority of pupils in formal primary education. (DIPF/orig.)
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