Analogy of cross-diffusion in sinusoidal channel for the flow of micropolar hybrid nanofluid sandwiched between single-phase nanofluid in a three-layer model

Abstract

Heat transfer of micropolar hybrid nanoliquid flowing in a sinusoidal channel with a cross-diffusion effect is explained in this paper. The liquid flow occurs in a sandwiched model where the middle part contains micropolar hybrid nanoliquid with Kerosene as the base liquid and the other two regions are filled by nanoliquid (TiN) where ethylene glycol is the base liquid. The composition of two types of plasmonic nanomaterials is reported to be captivating due to their potential applications in the field of photo-thermal therapy. Also, the utilization of the multilayer model presented in this paper improves the heat transfer properties of the nano liquid due to which the model can be applied to many industries such as cryogenics, solar, nuclear, biomedical, and so on. The hybrid and mononanoliquids are modeled using the Khanafer–Vafai–Lightstone model. Under long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions, the governing equations can be linearized and solved using a semi-analytical method called Differential Transform Method. The effects of microrotation, Dufour effect, Soret effect, Nusselt number, and skin friction are discussed in detail and are analyzed with the help of plotted graph. It was observed that the thermal and solute Grashof number enhance the liquid flow. Also, the vortex viscosity present in the model improves the microrotational velocity which can be seen at the interface of the liquids.