Analogs of quantum-Hall-effect edge states in photonic crystals

Abstract

"Photonic crystals" built with time-reversal-symmetry-breaking Faraday-effect media can exhibit "chiral" edge modes that propagate unidirectionally along boundaries across which the Faraday axis reverses. These modes are precise analogs of the electronic edge states of quantum Hall effect (QHE) systems, and are also immune to backscattering and localization by disorder. The "Berry curvature" of the photonic bands plays a role analogous to that of the magnetic field in the QHE. Explicit calculations demonstrating the existence of such unidirectionally-propagating photonic edge states are presented.