Analog MIMO Radio-Over-Copper Downlink With Space-Frequency to Space-Frequency Multiplexing for Multi-User 5G Indoor Deployments

Abstract

Radio access network (RAN) centralization is at the basis of current mobile networks, in which BaseBand Units (BBUs) and radio antenna units (RAUs) exchange over the FrontHaul (FH) digitized radio-frequency signals through protocols such as the common public radio interface. However, such architecture, as it stands, does not scale to the demands of multiple-antennas 5G systems, thus leading to drastic RAN paradigm changes. Differently from digital RAN architectures, we propose to overcome bandwidth/latency issues due to digitization by employing an all-analog FH for multiple-antenna RAUs based on the analog radio-over-copper (A-RoC) paradigm. The A-RoC is an alternative/complementary solution to FH for the last 200 m, such as for indoor, to reuse existing local area network (LAN) cables with remarkable economic benefits. Although LAN cables contain 4 twisted-pairs with up to 500 MHz bandwidth/ea., their usage is limited by cable attenuation and crosstalk among pairs. This paper demonstrates that a judicious mapping of each radio-frequency signal of each antenna onto a combination of cable pair-frequency allocations, referred to as space-frequency to space-frequency multiplexing, optimized together with the design of the digital precoding at the BBU, substantially mitigates the cable impairments. The LAN cables can be exploited for last 100–200 m analog transport FH to meet the requirements of 5G indoor networks.