Analisis Tipologi Variabel Strategis pada Pengembangan Kawasan Ekowisata Kedung Ombo

Mangrove ecosystem in Peropa’ea protected forest area has an aesthetic landscape that has a potential to be developed as ecotourism. The development of ecotourism in the protected forest area of Peropa’ea as a utilization effort of environmental services is a better strategy because it may reduce pressure on mangrove forest resources and bring socio-economic benefits to the community and area. The Peropa’ea Protected Forest Management Unit (KPHL) has prepared a service business plan environment in the form of “Banda Kawasa” mangrove ecotourism for the period 2015 to 2025. Some steps needed to be studied such as key elements in the development and management of mangrove ecotourism. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify elements and sub-elements in the development and management of mangrove ecotourism. The method used in this research was Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) with an element of related institutions, constraints, objectives, and priority programs in the development and management of mangrove ecotourism. The results indicated that the Provincial Forestry Office and Forest Management Unit (KPHL) Peropa’ea were the institutional key player in the development and management of mangrove ecotourism. Limited funding and supporting infrastructure for mangrove ecotourism was the main management constraint, and the program priority was to develop an integrated and sustainable mangrove ecotourism management plan. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the coordination among related institutions to develop and maintain the sustainability of mangrove ecotourism in this area.

In the formulation and designation of the ecotourism area, the use of spatial suitability indexes is usually employed. The social, economic, and cultural parameters have almost been ignored in the analysis. These parameters are essential to be included in the development of marine ecotourism to avoid the loss and the impact of these socio-cultural parameters in the development of marine ecotourism. The objective of this research was to construct a conceptual model and thinking perspective and to identify the connectivity of ecology, socio-economy features spatially in designing marine ecotourism areas. Data were collected through observation, participatory mapping, focus group discussion, and interview. Data obtained were then analyzed descriptively and displayed graphically. The conceptual model constructed shows that the marine ecotourism management plan of Waerole and Nuatelu Cape can be categorized into six spatial marine ecotourism explicitly coastal marine e-tourism, snorkeling e-tourism, diving e-tourism, in-shore angling e-tourism, open sea fishing e-tourism, and habitat rehabilitation. The conceptual model for a sustainable management plan for coastal and marine ecotourism suggested the need for holistic and integrated sustainable management comprise of 27 biophysics and socio-economy feature.

According to the biophysical area, the government has set the land use of forest areas to be managed for specific management purposes. The implication is that the Criteria and Indicators (C&I) of sustainable forest management are arranged fractionally, based on the forest area’s function. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of C&I for sustainable forest management in conservation forests in the upstream area of the Jeneberang watershed in Gowa Regency. Field observations, interviews, focus group discussions, workshops, and documentation study conducted to collect primary and secondary data. The analysis conducted by the research were (1) Socio-Economic, (2) Landscape Change, (3) Activity-Based Management and (4) Policy Analysis. The results found the application of C&I of sustainable forest management based on forest function is ineffective because the forest area is an inseparable landscape unit, so the management unit should not be separated. Therefore, forest areas’ land use should be reconstructed based on the function of forest area (fractional) to “landscape-based watershed landscape”. C & I in measuring sustainable forest management performance should also be hierarchically structured interconnected input, outputs, outcomes, and impact indicators.

The ecotourism potential development in Konawe Islands, Southeast Sulawesi Province requires academic study as a foothold in region policy making by all development stakeholders. This study aims to provide data and information about the potential of natural resources could be the ecotourism object, analyzing the perceptions of local communities, and formulating strategic plan for ecotourism development. The study was conducted from April-October 2019. This research used quantitative methods with data that were collected from observations, interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and literature studies. Data analysis was made using quality criteria scale of flora fauna diversity, SWOT analysis and litmus tests. The results of the study showed that Konawe Islands Regency has potential ecotourism objects in coastal-sea panoramas (Sawaea beach and Kampa beach), and in the mainland-hills with waterfalls panoramas (Tumburano waterfalls and Lanuku waterfalls). The results of importance/significance measurements indicate that the flora potential have a scale value of 3 (moderate), the fauna potential have scale of value 4 (good) and the potential criteria of "B", which indicates that the tourist attraction has a potential quality to be developed as ecotourism. Local people's perception is very positive because they believe there are economic, socio-cultural and ecological benefits from ecotourism development. The results of the SWOT analysis with the Litmus test found some main strategies in form program plans such as increasing the knowledge and skills tourism community, increasing the availability of capital financial for ecotourism businesses and development of ecotourism infrastructure facilities. Besides that, the main strategies from SWOT analysis result are promotion of ecotourism objects, the stipulation of rules about management of attractions; and deal with potential conflict issues and abrasion or erosion.

Jatigede Reservoir area has a role as a power plant, the provider of irrigation water, fisheries, and tourism. Tourism that is suitable to be developed in the reservoir area is ecotourism, which is a natural tourism that unites sustainably conservation, society, and travel. The purpose of this study was to identify the potential of Pakualam Village as ecotourism area, to analyze community involvement in ecotourism management, and to identify supporting and inhibiting factors in developing ecotourism in the Pakualam Village. This study used qualitative descriptive method with case study techniques. Data collection was carried out through observation, focus group discussion, in-depth interview and literature study. The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive and technical boundary partner. The results showed that forest resources, rice fields and waters in Pakualam Village had the potential of ecotourism. In utilizing these potential resources, community involvement existed both as an initiator, implementer or beneficiary. The supporting factors of ecotourism that were found included the cool and natural beauty of natural panorama, the availability of typical culinary and the local wisdom of Pakualam Village community. The main inhibiting factors in the development of ecotourism in this area included poor road infrastructure, limited facilities and supporting institutions.

Tourism represents a complex multi-actor system. The successful sustainable development of tourism areas requires all stakeholders’ support and a map of the strengths, the relations, and the interests of stakeholder actors to determine appropriate institutional policies. This study aims to map stakeholders’ character at the Kedung Ombo tourism area development as a favorite potential destination in Central Java, Indonesia. Data collection used the focused group discussions method. The data analysis used was the Mactor method. This research shows that the Pemalijuana River Flow Management Office, the Indonesian State Forest Company, and the Regional Development Planning Agency were the dominant actors. The Department of Youth, Sports and Tourism, College, village government, the youth organization, and business people are relay actors. College is an autonomous actor; meanwhile, the youth organization, local government, and community are actor-dependent. The Regional Development Planning Agency Department of Youth, Sports and Tourism, college, village government, youth organizations, and business people are convergent actors who can build strong alliances. The support of BBWS Pemali Juana and Perhutani to collaborate is needed to succeed. The research findings are the basis for making a participative institutional design for the Kedung Ombo tourist area’s success and sustainability.

The Saluleang mangrove ecotourism area, Bebanga Village, Kalukku District, Mamuju Regency is a developed ecotourism area, the management carried out by the community and the lack of policy support has made Saluleang mangrove ecotourism not widely known by the public. Ecotourism is a form of management that can contribute to the environment and surrounding communities. This study aims to determine: 1) Forms of community participation in mangrove forest management in the development of the Saluleang ecotourism area 2) The level of community participation in mangrove forest management activities in developing ecotourism areas. The population in this study were all residents of Bebanga Village, amounting to 8006 people. The sample in this study amounted to 100 people. This research is quantitative descriptive. Data collection techniques include observation, questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis and Likert scale. Based on the research results, the form of participation that was mostly carried out by the community was the form of participation in the form of labor, namely 44%. The level of community participation in ecotourism development is in the 27-30 interval with a very high category. The results of the test on the effect of community participation in the Saluleang Ecotourism Development were 75.60% and 24.40% were influenced by other factors outside the participation and development variables.

The National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of Nepal introduced the buffer zone (BZ) concept to ensure people's participation in conservation. BZ plays a significant role in ecotourism development, particularly in areas rich in biodiversity, natural beauty, and indigenous cultures. Delays in declaring BZ might create challenges in benefit sharing and sustainable management, especially in developing countries like Nepal. This study aims to understand the perception of local people towards the establishment of BZ and ecotourism development in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve of western Nepal. A household survey (n=152), key informants interview (n=6), focus group discussion (n=6), and an intensive literature review were used for the data collection. Statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, and chi-square tests were employed to interpret the collected field data. The study revealed that local communities lack awareness about the benefits of BZ establishment. The area offers facilities and services with warm hospitality, caring for health & sanitation in homestays, seminar halls, hiking, and nature walks for the tourists. A significant association between education level and perception towards ecotourism prospects, as well as its role in environmental conservation, culture preservation, and the development of cottage-based industries, was determined. The results suggest that the successful implementation of ecotourism initiatives is possible with the collaboration of the local community, government, and non-governmental organizations.

Talk about smart cities, the community's independence to open a business and drive the local economy is a concrete form in the community, which is useful in the current state. Even though in this Covid-19 pandemic condition, the life of a business is not easy, especially the seafood culinary business. A restaurant business requires a business development strategy that will determine the business's long-term future—this culinary tourism development and sustainability strategy. The MICMAC method functions analytically to solve systematic problems by developing sustainability strategies in industrial areas. So in this study, researchers will research Strategic Variable Analysis for the Development and Sustainability of the Fos-Food Restaurant Business in the Pandemic Era; MICMAC approach. This study uses primary and secondary data and uses the MICMAC method. The results of this study are: (1). The strategic factor analysis of Fos-Food Restaurant development has 11 strength variables, seven weakness variables, six opportunity variables, and eight threat variables. Based on the weighting and scores carried out, the total score for internal factors was 3.17 and for external factors was 3.07. (2). The research analyzed Fos-Food's development strategies and programs from the SWOT diagram, SWOT matrix, SWOT quadrant strategy analysis, and MICMAC analysis. The strategy analysis shows that the position of this restaurant is currently still in quadrant IV. Then the MICMAC analysis shows that judging from the indirect influence graph of each relationship between variables, the variables that have the greatest value are the variables: Financial and Accounting, Technological Environment, and Buyer/Customer Power.

The Laiwangi Wanggameti area is one of the areas in Matalawa National Park in East Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province which has the potential of natural resources that are feasible to be developed as an ecotourism area. The development of Matalawa National Park as an ecotourism area is an alternative to minimize the degradation of the area in the future. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of rural community dependence on the Laiwangi Wanggameti forest area, analyze the perception of rural communities on ecotourism development and analyze the type of work that the community wants in the natural tourism business. The entire data was obtained through surveys and questionnaires. Qualitative descriptive analysis was used to analyze the overall research objectives. The results showed that the level of dependence of the village community on the Laiwangi Wanggameti forest area was at a high level. The community also has a positive perception of ecotourism development where the community strongly agrees with the development of ecotourism. Meanwhile there are six types of work that people want in business in the field of natural tourism, namely as guides, souvenir service providers, food and drink providers, tourism cooperative managers, parking services and as security guards.

Promoting ecotourism through the protection of the environment can improve the livelihood of the local community and used as a tool for participatory biodiversity conservation. Ecotourism can help to create jobs for local community and market for local products where by contributing to sustainable conservation of natural resources. The main objective of this study is to assess the opportunities and challenges of Borena-Saynt National Park for the development of community-based ecotourism that enables to diversify the livelihood of the people and for sustainable natural resource management. Social survey research methodologies were adopted to assess essential data and analyzed qualitatively. The result showed that, a combination of wonderful scenery, diversified wildlife and plant species, amazing caves and culture of the local community makes Borena-Saynt National Park potentially rich for the development of ecotourism. Land degradation, shortage of animal forage and grazing land, low fertility of the soil, scarcity of cultivable land and absences of off-farm activities are among the critical socio-economic problems of the local community that pose pressure on the park. Development of ecotourism program, diversifying the livelihood of the local community, introducing alternative sources of energy, launching afforestation on the buffer zone, animal forage development will help for sustainable natural resource management of the park by improving the well-being of the local community.   Key words:  Ecotourism resources, land degradation, Community participation, Borena-Saynt   national park

This study aims to determine what actually as an eco area as a center of ecotourism and turtle area development strategy as an ecotourism area in Tulang village Barugaiya Village Selayar Islands District. Studies show that these results show the uniformity of ecotourism land in the Coastal Area of Tulang is a location with the suitability of the turtle ecotourism location of 1.92 Ha located on station 1 and 3rd station and not 1.52 Ha in station 2. Strategy Development of turtle ecotourism with the results, determined by 10 strategies The best development of turtle ecotourism in Tulang Village Barugaiya Village Selayar Islands District, among others (1) encourage the government in terms of determining the turtle conservation area, (2) the need for more activities to provide facilities (3) socializing stakeholder spatial legislation to avoid conflict and increase community participation, (4) more importance from stakeholders for increased potential of the region, (5) training on human resources related to human resources , (6) application of understanding related to ecosystem destruction turtle nesting areas as well as law enforcement from the government, (7) spatial planning of tourist sites (8) public education about the importance of turtles, (9) planting of mangrove species and coastal vegetation (10) applying fair system in management policy

This research is: a) determine the condition and biodiversity of mangrove forests in Tagalaya Village; b) analyse the application of ecological principles in mangrove forest management; c) analyse the ecotourism potential of Tagalaya Village. d) Develop alternatives to overcome challenges and opportunities for the use and development of mangrove forest-based ecotourism in Tagalaya Village. Data analysis uses a tourist attraction evaluation analysis based on the 1993 Regulation of the Directorate General of PHPA on Tourism Area Potential Evaluation Criteria to assess the ecotourism potential of Tagalaya village. Policy analysis using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. The results showed that of the 10 criteria for assessing tourist attractions, there were three criteria (30%) that were not feasible as ecotourism areas, with the highest percentage of indicators. The value is 92.5% of the ‘Clean water’ criterion and the minimum value for the ‘Accommodation’ criterion is 10%. The main priority of the criteria supporting the standard utilisation of mangrove forests in Tagalaya Village is clean water (27.1%), the second priority is attractiveness (13.1%), the third priority is environmental conditions (11.3%), the second priority is accommodation (7.6%). %), and the last priority is the relationship with other tourists (7.6%). The consistency index (MRC) was 82.4%, the selection index (Psi) was 11.1%, the eigenvalue was 12.981, and the consistency ratio (CR) was 0.37. Specific alternative management strategies include: Involving community groups, educational institutions and youth organisations around the Tagalaya village location to improve accommodation facilities, environmental conditions and tourist attractions in the mangrove forest area.

The rich natural resources and multi-ethnic cultural characteristics of the third pole region have created a good foundation for its development of ecotourism. However, the sustainable development of the third Pole ecotourism still needs to be explored on the basis of environmental carrying capacity assessment. Starting from the perspective of tourism environmental carrying capacity, this paper takes the third pillar as the research area, adopts the methods of desktop research, survey and interview, literature search, etc. Based on the construction of environmental carrying capacity model, carries out data analysis from four aspects: ecology, resource space, residents' psychology and social economy. The results showed that the other three carrying capacity levels were higher except for the social and economic carrying capacity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the third pole region is suitable for the development of ecotourism, but due to the low socio-economic carrying capacity, the development of ecotourism should be guided and regulated to some extent, and it is necessary to formulate a strategy suitable for the sustainable development of ecotourism in the third pole.

This study aims to determine strategic factors and its relationship in developing ecotourism areas. This research uses prospective structural approach. The analytical method uses Micmac to identify the most influential variables and its relation to Kedung Ombo ecotourism development. The results of analysis which realize the typology of strategic variables based on the strength of influence found 6 classifications of variable, namely: 1. The dominant variable consists of: regulation, and governance; 2. Key variable (Relay variable) consists of: institutional coordination, apparatus role, tourism marketing and tourism promotions. 3. Autonomous variable consists of: natural beauty, accessibility, potential of market tourism, local awareness of tourism. 4. The output variable consists of: funds for community, preservation of local wisdom, preservation of forest sustainability, conservation of reservoir function. 5. Regulators variable consists of: special permit policy for investment, retribution policy, tax policy, allowance policy, tourist attractions. 6. Secondary variable consists of: availability of tourism infrastructure, tourist interest of ecotourism, involvement of local community. The results of this study show a variety of information sources for policy makers in Kedung Ombo ecotourism development in a sustainable manner.